Floyd Rose Tremolos for Left-Handed Guitars: Proprietary versions
- Gaskell Guitars Australia
- Feb 5
- 52 min read
Updated: 17 hours ago
NOTE: The following information is the definitive guide on Floyd Rose tremolos (and variants) with a special (but not exclusive) emphasis on left-handed guitars: genuine, licensed, and proprietary - past and present. Nowhere else on the internet will you find all this information in one place.
This article is in five parts:
Part 1: Original and Genuine Floyd Rose (Floyd Rose, Fernandes, Schaller, Sung-il, Ping Well)
Part 2: Licensed Versions (Schaller, Kahler, Gotoh, Takeuchi, Ping Well, Jin Ah)
Part 3: Proprietary Versions (Fernandes, St. Louis Music, Aria Pro II, Ibanez, Yamaha, ESP, Kahler, Jackson-Charvel, Kaman Music Corporation)
Part 4: The Asian OEM Pool ("Korean Catalog", "Chinese Catalog")
Part 5: No-Names, Fakes, Unknowns, and Never Left Handed
INTRODUCTION: A "proprietary" tremolo system in this context is a product or range of products that are redesigns or modifications of Floyd Rose designs by a brand for its own exclusive use. Products may or may not have been additionally licensed under Floyd Rose patents. This differs from "licensed" Floyd Rose systems, which are instead close versions of the original Floyd Rose design that are (or used to be) sold as OEM products to multiple guitar brands or as boxed kits to the general public. In some cases, certain proprietary designs were let out to other brands independently or made broadly available as part of a universal OEM pool, or sold broadly to the general public as Floyd Rose alternatives.
Fernandes 1981–1985 (Floyd Rose contract period)
Fernandes Co. Ltd. of Japan was the original contracted supplier of genuine Floyd Rose tremolos, including the prototypes and early production models.
As covered in Part One of this series, Fernandes was a design, marketing, and distribution company that relied on a network of contracted manufacturers and factories to build their products.
From 1969 they began marketing Fender-style guitars under the "Fernandes" brand and Gibson-style guitars under the "Burny" brand. Over time Fernandes expanded beyond guitars and began marketing electronics, replacement parts and accessories.
In 1972, the company established Osaka Fernandes Co., Ltd. to handle wholesale, distribution, and sales support. Fernandes Co., Ltd. served as the primary brand holder and product developer, focusing on design, licensing deals with artists, and oversight of outsourced manufacturing, while Osaka Fernandes Co., Ltd. managed the supply chain for Fernandes electric guitars, basses, amplifiers, and effects pedals, handling domestic retail distribution and exports, such as those to the United States.
Up until 1982, Fernandes’ left-handed guitar policy was a general statement that left-handed guitars could be produced, but not regularly. Catalogs only noted what models from the lineup were not orderable. The OEM factories produced small batches only when enough orders had accumulated to warrant a run. If a model was not available at the time of order, a 3 to 4-month wait was standard. Left-handed guitars were priced 20% higher than right-handed guitars.
Fernandes had a general policy that allowed customers to make simple or elaborate changes before or after their guitar was built, as long as customers supplied their own parts and paid for the extra work. Such modifications were carried out by the Fernandes Repair Service. Customers were openly encouraged to phone the Tokyo or Osaka offices regarding custom ordering. This policy remained consistent until 2000, after which a standardized custom ordering system was implemented.
FRT-2 / Head Banker
(1982 - 1987)
Status: Discontinued
At the end of 1981, Floyd Rose contracted Fernandes to mass-produce his double-locking tremolo system. Using Japanese factories, Fernandes supplied complete units and parts to Rose in the United States, beginning in 1982. It appeared in Fernandes' own catalog published in March 1982 as the "Floyd Rose FRT-1" and was fitted to select high-end guitars from the main lineup and two models from the "Musician's Series", namely an unofficial Eddie Van Halen replica and an official Neil Schon Signature model. Both artists were prominent users of the new Floyd Rose system in the United States. See: Part 1: Original and Genuine Floyd Rose. At the same time, Fernandes developed its own version of the FRT-1 as the FRT-2, which also appeared in the March 1982 catalog. Unlike the FRT-1, the FRT-2 does not have insert blocks or locking saddles. It is a string-through version where the strings are locked in place at the saddle by the ball ends. The FRT-2 was not marketed outside of Japan. As with the FRT-1, it was available in Gold or Chrome.
1982: The 1982 companion Fernandes Specifications Catalog, also published in March, included for the first time a Colour Chart for the entire lineup with a dedicated column in the table noting left-handed availability. With the exception of one model, every Fernandes and Burny model listed in the table was marked as available for left‑handed ordering including the Musician's Limited Series. Both the FRT-1 and FRT-2 were advertised as being available left-handed, however only the FRT-1 was offered on Fernandes guitars for 1982.
1983: In 1983, the FRT-2 underwent a name change to "Fernandes Tremolo System Head Banker." The FRT-2 was fitted to lower-spec versions of Fernandes models that otherwise came with the Floyd Rose FRT-3, which replaced the FRT-1.
The left-handed ordering disclaimer on Page 38 of the 1983 Fernandes-Burny catalog was revised to clearly specify which guitars from the lineup were available as left-handed versions. Models marked with a ● symbol in their column were the accepted models produced in periodic lot runs (batches). Models that the factories were not willing to produce were marked with a — symbol in their column. The remaining models with blank columns could still be special ordered, if accepted by the factory. Whether production models or special orders, all left-handed guitars were 20% higher in price, with a 3–4 month wait, sometimes longer depending on parts availability.
The table listed five Burny and two Fernandes models as limited-run production models, however none were Floyd Rose FRT-3 or Fernandes Head Banker FRT-2 models. Head Banker models with blank columns (special order) were the FST-95, FST-80, FST-75, FST-90H, and EX-95.
1984: The ordering procedure on page 46 of the 1984 Fernandes-Burny catalog was the same as for 1983. 13 models from the lineup were marked as not orderable, including a Head banker model: the FST-95. 10 models between the two brands were marked as batch-produced models. Of those, only the FST-65 from the lineup came with the Head Banker FRT-2. Unmarked models could still be special ordered, if accepted by the factory. Head Banker models in that category were the EX-85, and BSV-70. Surviving examples include this EX-85 and this EX-85.
1985: The 1985 catalogs further modified the left-handed ordering system by expanding the order categories. Models marked with ● were the ones produced in lots; models marked with ▲ were the special orders; and models marked with × were not orderable. Remaining models with blank columns were still available as special orders, subject to factory approval. Left-handed guitars continued to be 20% more expensive than their right-handed equivalents. The BSV-60 Flying V was the only Head Banker FRT-2 model from the lineup available left-handed in 1985, offered as a production model.
Head Crasher FRT-6
(1985–1989)
Status: Discontinued
In 1985, Fernandes introduced its second in-house design: the Head Crasher FRT-6. It was available only in Japan and first appeared in Volume 1 of the 1985 Fernandes catalog alongside the Fernandes Floyd Rose FRT-7, published in November 1984.
The Head Crasher FRT-6 was a single-locking version of the Floyd Rose FRT-7, the Japanese version of the finalized angled-tail, fine-tuner Floyd Rose design initially produced in a short run by Hansen Metalworks in the United States in early 1983. (See Part 1 of this series: Original and Genuine Floyd Rose)
Unlike a standard double-locking Floyd Rose, the Head Crasher FRT-6 was designed so the ball ends of the strings did not need to be removed. It used horizontal tubes that screwed into the rear of each saddle assembly. The strings passed through the tubes and over the saddles, while the flared ends of the tubes seated the string ball ends. The tubes were also slotted to accept a flat-head screwdriver. The front portion of each saddle assembly was stepped in design. The unit used the same baseplate and sustain block as the Floyd Rose FRT-7, with “Head Crasher” etched into the upper section of the baseplate. Coincidentally, the Head Crasher followed the same basic single-locking concept later used in the Floyd Rose II tremolo produced by Schaller nearly two years after the Rose/Fernandes partnership had ended.
The Head Crasher FRT-6 was featured on the 1985 Fernandes FST-65, FST-135, and FST-125 superstrats, the BSV-70 Flying V, the BX-70 Explorer, and the Burny RSC-100 Les Paul replica from the main lineup. It was also used by ESP on their Japan-only Kramer Japan JK Series introduced in 1985 and by Kawai on some of their own Rockoon guitars in the same year. (Kawai built Fernandes guitars.)
Left-handed Head Crasher FRT-6 models for 1985 were the FST-65 (as a production model) and the BSV-70 (by special order.) Surviving examples include this Candy Apple Red FST-65 (serial L021906), this white FST-65 (serial L026612), this white BSV-70 (serial L030337), this red FST-65 (serial L023523), this red FST-65, and this white FST-65.
Fernandes "Head Crasher Tremolo System" 1986–1987
Fernandes' contract with Floyd Rose ended sometime in 1985, by which time Kramer had dominated the U.S. market with its exclusive rights to use Floyd Rose systems on its guitars. Fernandes immediately rebranded its entire tremolo range to the "Head Crasher Tremolo System." Thereafter, the company produced licensed Floyd Rose units and developed proprietary tremolos for its own range of guitars. The rebranded range debuted in the 1986 Fernandes catalog.
1986 also saw the introduction of the new "Revolver" (FR) Series, which were Fernandes' versions of Ibanez/Jackson superstrats. The Revolver Series had its own headstock and body shape and came standard with Head Crasher tremolos, Gotoh tuners, and pickguards. The FR Series was made in Japan by Kawai.
New FRT-9 and new FRT-7
Status: Discontinued
In 1986, Fernandes introduced a system incorporating a plate that mounted into the bridge recess of the guitar, into which the tremolo fitted. When moving the tremolo arm approximately 90° from its normal use position, a cam linked to the arm is caught by the cam holder, locking the bridge and effectively turning it from a floating bridge into a fixed bridge temporarily. Fernandes called it the "FRT Arm-Lock System." The Head Crasher FRT-6 with this system became the new Head Crasher FRT-9, and the Head Crasher FRT-7 with this system became the new Head Crasher FRT-7. The upper knife edge of the new FRT-7 changed to a straight edge, coincidentally also a feature shared on the licensed Floyd Rose Edge tremolo produced by Gotoh in the same year. The Head Crasher FRT-6 otherwise remained unchanged. All three models had "Head Crasher" etched on their upper baseplates. The new FRT-7 additionally had "U.S. Pats 4497236" on a second line.
The new Head Crasher FRT‑7 featured on the flagship Revolver FR‑120, the FST‑90, FST‑55, and JS‑100 (Randy Rhoads V) from the main lineup, and on the JS-115RC (King V replica) and BSV-155J (Flying V) from the "Musician's Version" series.
The new Head Crasher FRT‑9 featured on the FR‑75, BSV‑70 (Flying V), BX‑70 (Explorer), JS‑90 (Randy Rhoads V), and the high‑end "Grand Function" STF‑135 and STF‑150 Stratocaster replicas.
The Head Crasher FRT‑6 was limited to the FST‑65, the new STJ‑75 (Jackson Dinky replica), and the top-of-the-line Burny RSC-100 (Les Paul replica) from the main lineup, and the BX-80J (Explorer), and BSV-80J (Flying V) from the "Musician's Version" series.
Body Crasher FRT-8
(1986–1990)
Status: Discontinued
Also new for 1986 was the Body Crasher FRT-8 tremolo. Unlike the FRT‑2 Head Banker and FRT‑6 Head Crasher, the FRT‑8 was sourced from an OEM rather than being an in‑house design. It appears Fernandes was not the first to use it.
The Body Crasher is not like any original Floyd Rose system. It is a very simplistic string-through tremolo with fine tuners that screw vertically on six individually pivoting arms through which each of the strings feed through horizontally and are seated there without having to cut the ball ends off. String tension holds the arms down and the vertical fine tuners work by raising or lowering the arms on its hinges when you turn them. On this tremolo the tremolo bar screws into the block. Early Fernandes models had no stamping of any kind and later ones were etched with "Body Crasher" on the baseplate. There are no Floyd Rose acknowledgements on it.
The Body Crasher was introduced on the 1986 FR-55, a 24" scale superstrat in the new FR Series. It was also used on the 1986 BSV-60 (Flying V), and BX-60 (Explorer) models.
Other users included:
Fresher. This little-known Japanese guitar brand, whose last year of production was 1985, may have been the first brand to feature the Body Crasher. It appears in the 1985 Fresher catalog as the "Sound Crasher." It was used on their FS-450 Strat model. Fresher guitars were built by Chushin Gakki.
Kawai. In addition to manufacturing Fernandes guitars, Kawai produced its own line of guitars under the Rockoon brand. Its RG-50S and RG-50H superstrat models from 1985 used the Body Crasher tremolo, pre-dating Fernandes by a year. The Kawai version has "Rockoon" stamped on the base plate and was referred to in catalogs as the “Rockoon Roller.” These two RG models, along with the 1989 TG-60, continued to be built with this vibrato unit until at least 1990.
Aria Pro II. In Aria Pro II catalogs the Body Crasher is referred to as the "FT-1 Fine Tuning Locking Tremolo" and was stamped "Aria Pro II ART-2" on the baseplate. It was used on the 1986-1987 Aria Pro II Mega Metal Series Stage III, built by Matsumoku. Here is a surviving left-handed 1986 Mega Metal Stage III. After Matsumoku’s closure in 1987, the FT-1/ART-2 continued to be used on some Aria Pro II XR Series guitars built subsequently in Korea, such as this left-handed 1988 XR Series. Aria Pro II discontinued it after 1988 but re-used the ART-2 name for its OEM-version of the Gotoh GE1988T adopted in 1989.
Yamaha. The RGX220, RGX211, and SE211 from Yamaha’s 1987 lineup came with the Body Crasher. Internally, it was referred to as the "RMX" tremolo (not to be confused with the better-known RMX-II.) These guitars were made at Yamaha's Kaohsiung factory in Taiwan, sadly not available in left hand.
1986 Left-handed availability
In 1986, Fernandes' left-hand guitar policy remained unchanged, but the ordering categories were reduced to just two: models produced in periodic batches, and special orders. Left-handed guitars with Head Crasher systems that were produced in batches were the FST-65 with Head Crasher FRT-6, and the FR-55, BSV-60 (Flying V), and BX-60 (Explorer) with Body Crasher FRT-8. No Head Crasher models were marked for special order. Outside of this, several basic Stratocaster and Les Paul replica models were orderable.
Surviving left-handed examples from 1986 include this white FR-55 (serial L034014), this white FR-55 (serial L034480), and this 1985-spec black FST-65 (serial L048094.) This non-catalog, FST-bodied lefty (serial L032712) dates to 1986 and doesn't match up with any catalog model but has a Head Crasher FRT-6.
Fernandes "FRT Tremolo System" 1987–1997
From 1987, the entire range of Fernandes tremolos was renamed "FRT Tremolo System." At this time, Fernandes had distanced itself from its Floyd Rose origins and was well into further developing its own unique proprietary tremolos. The new range was featured in the 1987 Fernandes catalog.
With Matsumoku closing its doors at the beginning of 1987, Fernandes moved the manufacturing of its Burny range of Gibson replicas primarily to Dyna Gakki. Fernandes-brand guitars continued to be manufactured by Kawai (L serials) with some overflow by Fujigen (F serials.)
A new addition to the FR Series in 1987 was the FR-65. This 25.5" scale guitar came with a humbucker in the bridge and a slanted single-coil in the neck, along with a 2-point mini-switch located between the Volume and Tone knobs that, when engaged, "cancelled" the volume pot, allowing the signal to go from the pickups straight to the output jack. Also new for 1987 was a single pickup version of the FR-55, marketed as the FR-50.
Head Crasher FRT-4 rename and new Head Crasher FRT-5
(1987–1988)
Status: Discontinued
In 1987, the Head Crasher FRT-7 was reintroduced without the bridge lock and updated with the stepped front saddle blocks from the Head Crasher FRT-6. This became the new Head Crasher FRT-4. Adding saddle height adjustability to the original FRT-7 became the new Head Crasher FRT-5. The bridge-locking mechanism formerly fitted to the original FRT-7 was applied to the new FRT-5 and together became the new FRT-7. The new FRT-4, and new FRT-5/FRT-7 all retained the straight upper knife edge introduced the year before, with "Head Crasher" and "U.S. Pats 4497236" etched on their baseplates. The Head Crasher FRT-6 and Body Crasher FRT-8 remained unchanged. The bridge-locking version of the FRT-6 continued to be marketed as the FRT-9. Per the 1987 catalog, the lineup consisted of:
Head Crasher FRT‑7: exclusive to the flagship FR‑120.
Head Crasher FRT-5: used on the new STJ-120 (Jackson Dinky replica) from the "New Metal Version" series, the FST-80, STF-115, and STF-125 superstrats, and the JS-100 (Randy Rhoads V.) Several models from the "Musician's Versions" series also featured the new FRT-5, namely the WG-120CG (B.C Rich Warlock), and JS-115RC (Randy Rhoads V.)
Head Crasher FRT-4: used on the new FR-65 and FST-65 superstrats; the new STJ-90 and STJ-85 (Jackson Dinky replicas), the BSV-70 (Flying V), and the BXV-70 (Explorer) from the "New Metal Version" series; and the ST-120WM superstrat from the "Musician's Versions."
Head Crasher FRT-9: exclusive to the FR-75.
Head Crasher FRT-6: used on the new STJ-75 and STC-70 Jackson Dinky replicas from the "New Metal Version" series, and the FGJ-85RC (Firebird), BX-80J (Explorer), and BSV-80J (Flying V) from the "Musicians Versions".
Body Crasher FRT-8: used on the FR-55 and the new FR-50.
1987 Left-handed availability
As per page 71 of the 1987 catalog, select models from the full lineup remained available through periodic production runs, though the option for custom orders was officially withdrawn. (Note: Because Fernandes lacked in-house manufacturing, production was always largely dictated by the willingness of its OEM factories to accommodate left-handed builds.) The ordering disclaimer was updated as follows:
② サウスポーギターについて
●印のもの／ロット生産していますが、常時生産しておりませんので、機種によっては在庫のない場合があります。その場合は、約3ヶ月〜4ヶ月の納期が必要となります。定価は本体定価の20％アップになります。 | ② About Left-Handed Guitars
Items marked with a ● are produced in lot runs but are not part of regular production, so depending on the model, they may not be in stock. In such cases, a lead time of approximately 3–4 months is required. The price is 20% higher than the standard list price. |
〈注〉空白の欄のものは受付けしておりません。 | Note: Models with blank fields are not accepted for ordering. |
●左用はMODELによってパーツ仕様が若干異な る事が有りますので、あらかじめご了承ください。 | Please note that for left-handed models, parts specifications may vary slightly depending on the MODEL. |
A total of seven guitars were listed for 1987. This time there were no bass guitars or Burny models. Those with FRT tremolo systems were the FST-65, the FR-65, and the FR-55.
Surviving examples include this black FR-55 (serial L121153.) This 1987 black custom left-handed FR-55 (serial L117257) was factory-fitted with two input jacks, coil tap, and a humbucker in the neck.
The 1987 Fernandes and Burny ranges were carried over into Volume 1 of the 1988 catalog, published in December 1987. The ordering disclaimer and list of available left-handed models also remained the same.
Redesigned FRT-7, FRT-5, and FRT-4
(1988–1989, 1988-1989, 1988–1996)
Status: Discontinued
In early 1988, the FRT-7 (with bridge lock), FRT-5 (with saddle height adjustability), and FRT-4 (without saddle height adjustability), were redesigned to reposition the fine tuners horizontally. Each had FERNANDES printed in white lettering across the top of their tails and FRT TREMOLO SYSTEM embossed on their upper baseplates. Both knife edges reverted to being rounded again. Their blocks had a sticker on them saying "Made in Korea." The FRT-6 and Body Crasher FRT-8 remained unchanged, and the bridge-locking FRT-9 was dropped.
The new FRT range was introduced in Volume 2 of the 1988 Fernandes-Burny catalog, published in March 1988.
Volume 2 introduced new models in the FR series: the FR-55T, a 25.5" scale version of the FR-55 with a coil tap on the bridge pickup and no pickguard; the FR-50, a fixed-bridge superstrat with two single-coil pickups and mini switches allowing for several coil tap options, and entirely unrelated to the FR-50 model from the previous year; and the FR-65MIDI, which turned the FR-65 into a dedicated guitar controller featuring a permanently mounted pickup and output jack specifically for the PITCHRIDER 7000 MARK II MIDI system.
The new bridge‑locking FRT‑7 with horizontal fine tuners was featured only on the top-of-the-line FR‑120 superstrat.
The new FRT‑5 with horizontal fine tuners retained its saddle height adjustability and was featured on the top-of-the-line "Grand Function" STF-125 and STF-115 superstrats, and on the FST-80, STJ-120, and JS-100.
The new FRT-4 tremolo with horizontal fine tuners was featured on the FR-85, FR‑75, FR‑65, FR-65MIDI, and FST‑65; the BSV‑70, and BX‑70, and the STJ‑75 Dinky replica from the "New Metal Version" series.
The Head Crasher FRT‑6 featured on the new 1988 TEJ-85 Telecaster, and the Burny RSC-100 Les Paul.
The Body Crasher FRT-8 continued to be used on the regular FR-55, and the new FR-50 and FR-55T superstrats.
1988 Left-handed availability
The left-handed availability list in Volume 2 of the 1988 catalog was expanded to 11 guitars, including two basses and two new Burny Strat models. Of these, the FRT‑equipped models were the FST‑65, FR‑65, FR‑55, and the new FR‑55T. Here is a surviving example of a black 1988 left-handed FR-65 (serial L134805) but using the 1988 FR-85 body.
1989 (early) Lineup
Volume 1 of the 1989 catalog, published in January, featured new models in the FR and FST series. New to the FR Series was the FR‑55X, with HSH pickups and the 25.5" scale length of the FR-55T. The pickup switching system enabled the humbuckers to be automatically tapped in positions 2 and 4 on its 5-way switch. It also came with the Body Crasher FRT-8. New to the FST Series was the FST-85, sitting below the flagship FST-125, with the Head Crasher FRT-5. Also new was the FST-55, sitting below the FST-65, with the Body Crasher FRT-8.
1989 (early) left-handed availability
In Volume 1 of the 1989 catalog a total of 11 models were listed as available left-handed, with the number of FRT-equipped models expanded from the year before to include the FST-65, FST-55, FR-65, FR-55, FR-55T, and the new FR-55X. Examples include this white FR-55T (serial L166471) and this white FR-55T (serial L179737.)
1989 (late) Lineup
Volume 2 of the 1989 catalog was released in October and featured changes and new models in the FR series. While the FR-120 remained the flagship, the lineup expanded with the introduction of the FR-100. The standard FR-55 went from being a 24" scale guitar to a 25.5" scale guitar, in effect replacing the FR-55T, which was discontinued. It gained a coil-tap and lost its pickguard. The new FR-50 took the place of the original FR-55 as the 24" scale HSS version, and the new FR-50X replaced the FR-55X as the 25.5" scale HSH version. The new FR-65X was marketed as "a custom version [of the FR-65] with a 'harder' concept." However, in reality, it was really just the FR-65 without the Direct Switch. The standard FR-65 also lost its Direct Switch and became an HSS model.
Also in Volume 2, the "New Metal Versions" series was discontinued as its own series and the STJ-120 and JS-100 from it joined other models to became part of the "Special Edisson" (typo intentional) series.
1989 was the last year of L serials on Fernandes and Burny guitars.
Updated FRT-8
(1989–1997)
Status: Discontinued
Volume 2 of the catalog also featured a revised version of the Body Crasher FRT-8, exclusive to Fernandes. Visually, there is a change to the shape of the baseplate, and the saddles are a bit different. The "Body Crasher" name was no longer used, and its baseplate was instead marked "FRT TREMOLO SYSTEM" to align with the rest of the FRT range. The new FRT-8 was made in Korea, possibly by Jin Ah, given that Fernandes and U.S. brand Vester used the same factory (Saehan Guitar Technology) for Korean production, and Vester is confirmed to have used Jin Ah bridges. It continued as the standard bridge on the FR-55, FST-55, and their variants.
Here is an excellent video from YouTube user WatchWatchBoi showing a close up and detailed explanation of a left-handed revised FRT-8:
Although not featured on any models in the 1989 lineup, the 1989 catalogs still advertised the FRT-5, FRT-6 and FRT-7 as part of the FRT Tremolo System.
The FRT-4 was standard on the FST‑120 and FST‑80 from the Function series; the FR‑120, FR-100, FR‑75, FR‑65, and FR‑65X, from the Revolver series; the TEJ-85 (Telecaster body) from the standard lineup; and the JS‑100, STJ-120, STJ-70, BSV-65, BX-65 and WG-112 (B.C. Rich Warlock replica) from the "Special Edisson" series. It also featured on the "Pro Model" TE-360HT (double-neck Telecaster body), and on the "Musician's Licence Model" ST-75NT (superstrat.) The Burny LC-220YS (Les Paul), FV-200T (Flying V), and new 1990 LC-100YS (Les Paul) also featured the FRT-4.
The revised FRT-8 was used on the FST-50, FST-55, FR-55; and the new FR-50 and FR-50X.
Late 1989 and 1990 left-handed availability
In Volume 2 of the 1989 catalog, the number of left-handed models was reduced to eight. Of those with FRT Tremolo Systems, only the FR-50X and the FR-50 were offered. This was carried through 1990.
This one-of-a-kind left-handed 1989 Hisashi Imai STJ-80BT with FRT-4 tremolo is an example of an off-catalog, music store-exclusive "Limited Edition" model.
1991 Lineup
In 1991, Fernandes started featuring the Sustainiac system by Maniac Music in the USA on select FR Revolver models, as the FRS series. No Sustainiac models were offered left-handed.
For 1991 the FRT-4 was featured on the FR-140, FR-120, FR-100, FR-75, FR-65, FRS-100, FRS-85, FRE-85 from the Revolver series; the FST-140 and FST-65 from the Function series; the JS-100, BX-75, BSV-75, and STJ-75 from the "Special Edition" series; and the ST-75NT from the "Musician's Licence Model" series. The Burny V-120S Flying V also featured the FRT-4.
As in previous years, the FRT-8 was exclusive to the FST-55 and FR-55.
1991 left-handed availability
In 1991, Fernandes updated its left-handed ordering policy, restricting production to a set list of models from its broader lineup. All subsequent catalogs followed the same format. This "set menu" approach effectively removed all custom ordering options for left-handed players, at least publicly. Music stores like Ishibashi, Ikebe, and Musicland KEY could still initiate store-exclusive models, including left-handed models, as always.
■ サウスポーギターについて
下記の機種については、左用の生産をしております。ただし、常時生産しておりませんので、機種によっては在庫のない場合があります。その場合、目安として約3ヶ月〜4ヶ月の納期が必要となります。定価は、本体定価の20％アップです。 | ■ Regarding Left-Handed Guitars
We manufacture left-handed versions only for the specific models listed below. However, these are not manufactured continuously, so depending on the model, there may be no stock. In such cases, please allow about 3 to 4 months for delivery. In addition, the price is 20% higher than the instrument’s list price. |
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For 1991, seven guitars were listed as available left-handed, with the FR-65 and FR-55 as the only FRT-equipped models. Despite not being listed, here is an example of a Metallic Purple 1991 left-handed FST-55, likely a one-off, store-exclusive order. (Incidentally, 1991 was the first year that the BT-480MM signature model of Japanese left-handed guitarist Hisashi Imai appeared separately in the main pages of the catalog, explicitly stated as being also available left-handed. It was priced the same as the right-handed model.)
1992 Lineup
In 1992, Fernandes introduced its own proprietary Sustainer system, replacing the OEM-supplied Sustainiac system from the USA. This onboard battery-powered system enabled a guitar to output "infinite sustain" by using electro magnetic force from a dedicated driver at the front pickup position to forcibly vibrate the strings, creating a feedback effect similar to what was previously only obtainable between an amp and a guitar at high volumes. Alas, lefties would be denied this hugely popular technology for the next decade.
1992 left-handed availability
In 1992, the set list was reduced to five, with the FR-65 and FR-55 again the only FRT-equipped left-handed models offered. (The Hisashi Imai BT-480MM was again featured independently in the catalog with explicit left-handed availability.) This black 1992 left-handed FR-55 has been modded with a humbucker in the neck.
1993 Lineup
The 1993 catalog again featured the FRT-4 on select Revolver FR models, the usual "Special Edition" models (minus the discontinued JS-100), and the Burny V-120S Flying V. The FRT-8 remained exclusive to the FST-55 and FR-55, as well as the newly introduced FR-60M, with a maple neck and fingerboard. This year also marked a cleanup of the marketing materials, as Fernandes finally stopped listing the FRT-5, FRT-6, and FRT-7. After 1993, the FST Series was scaled back to only a few models, leaving the FST-55 as the sole remaining FRT-equipped model.
1993 left-handed availability
The 1993 catalog left-handed set list was a repeat of 1992, with five in total, and again only the FR-65 and FR-55 as the FRT-equipped choices. Surviving examples from 1993 include this Metallic Black FR-65, and this Metallic Violet FR-55. (The Hisashi Imai BT-480MM was not listed as being available left-handed in 1993.)
Takeuchi TRS-PRO (Fernandes FRT5-PRO)
(1994–2004)
Status: Discontinued
In 1994, Fernandes adopted the Takeuchi TRS-PRO low-profile licensed tremolo, thus bringing the total number of FRT systems in use back up to three. The unit was designated FRT5-PRO and was stamped with "FRT Tremolo System" and "FRT5-PRO-TRS" on the baseplate and "Licensed Under Floyd Rose Pats." on the tail. This became the standard bridge thereafter for the entire Revolver FR series and all but one model in the Function FST Series. The FRT-4 otherwise featured only on the 1994+ Burny H-85S "Killer Whale," and several Musician's Models. At the same time, the FRT-8 was renamed FRT-8PRO.
1994 left-handed availability
The left-handed models list remained unchanged in 1994, and the FRT-equipped models continued to be the FR-65 and FR-55, both with the new FRT5-TRS-PRO. For 1994 the FR-55 gained three additional colours, and the FR-65 gained two colours and gold hardware. Here is an example of a 1994 black left-handed FR-55.
In 1995, Fernandes introduced the TGR-1 Tone Generator, an active onboard circuit powered by a 9V battery. Activated via a push-pull dummy tone knob, the TGR-1 provides a specialized mid-range boost that replicates a half-open wah-wah pedal. Pulling the knob engages the effect. Rotating the knob sweeps the frequency to produce the wah effect. It was featured exclusively on the 1995 FR-65 and FR-55.
1995 left-handed availability
Volume 1 (February) and Volume 2 (August) of the 1995 catalogs saw no changes to the production lineup of left-handed guitars, with the FR-65 and FR-55 again the only FRT-equipped models. The FR-55 gained three new colours but also lost two. The FR-65 colour range was completely replaced with four new colours. Here is an immaculate (N.O.S) example of a Turquoise Metallic 1995 left-handed FR-55.
The FRT-4 tremolo was discontinued in 1996, leaving the FRT5-PRO-TRS and the FRT8-PRO as the only FRT Tremolo systems for Fernandes and Burny guitars. The FST series was also discontinued. Additionally, 1996 marked the final year for the TGR-1 Tone Generator on the FR-55 and FR-65. The FR-55 colour range remained the same for 1996, but the FR-65 colour range was reduced to three, each with a "quilted maple" photo finish.
1996 left-handed availability
The FR-55 and FR-65 continued to be the only production left-handed models in 1996. Here is a Turquoise Metallic 1996 left-handed FR-55 with TGR-1 Tone Generator.
Post–1997: End of proprietary systems
Gotoh GE1996T (Fernandes FRT-10)
(1997–2024)
Status: Current
From 1997, Fernandes dropped all proprietary tremolo bridges and adopted the Gotoh GE1996T as the premium OEM tremolo for higher-end models. while retaining the Takeuchi-made FRT5-PRO-TRS for mid-level guitars, including the FR Series. The GE1996T is a high-quality, Floyd Rose licensed unit known for its hardened-steel baseplate and saddles, brass sustain block, and patented stud-lock mechanism that prevents the tremolo posts from shifting. (See Part 2 for a detailed technical overview of the Gotoh GE1996T.)
In the Fernandes naming convention, the GE1996T was designated "FRT-10." It had "FERNANDES" stamped on its baseplate and the usual "Licensed Under Floyd Rose Patents" statement on the tail. Importantly, no production left-handed Fernandes guitars were ever fitted with the Gotoh FRT-10.
From 1997, Fernandes began to advertise the Schaller-licensed Floyd Rose tremolo on their USA range and some Japanese Sustainer-equipped guitars. It was designated SFRT-II.
In 1997, the long-running FR-65 was replaced by the FR-65S (Wilkinson fixed bridge + Sustainer) and FR-65X (hotter pickups + Schaller SFRT-II). Neither was available left-handed.
Left-handed availability 1997–1999
The 1997 catalog retained the same ordering disclaimer in place since 1991, this time listing six models available left-handed. With the FR-65 gone, the FR-55 remained the only FRT-equipped left-handed option. 1997 also marked the first availability of the FR-55 with a "quilted maple" photo graphic top in Sapphire Blue, Vermilion Red, or Royal Blue bursts, with chrome hardware. The FR-55 continued to be made in Japan. Here is a surviving example of a Sapphire Blue 1997-1999 left-handed FR-55.
Left-handed availability of FRT-equipped models continued to be limited to just the FR-55 in 1998. For that year the FR-55 received two additional solid colour finishes.
For 1999, six guitars were again listed in the catalog as available left-handed, with the FR-55 again the sole FRT-equipped model. The specifications and colour range remained unchanged from the previous year. 1999 was also the final year of Japanese production for the standard Revolver FR series. Thereafter, most production moved to Taiwan, with only high-end FR models remaining in Japan.
Ping Well PT 505 (Fernandes FRT-11)
(2000–2015)
Status: Discontinued
From 2000, Fernandes added a third tremolo bridge option to its FRT range: a Gotoh GE1996T clone made in Taiwan by Ping Well Industrial Co. Ltd. This unit was designated FRT-11 for Fernandes and was optioned on mid-level guitars, including the mainstay FR-55. It is Ping Well product code PT 505 and was not exclusive to Fernandes. The Ping Well bridge is easily identified by its unique saddle shape and baseplate stamped "FERNANDES Guitars" (the Gotoh version omits the word "Guitars.") Despite being factory-standard on numerous models, it was notably omitted from the dedicated FRT Tremolo System page in the 2000 catalog.
2000 left-handed availability
For 2000, the FR-55 was again the only FRT-equipped guitar on the left-handed set list. It featured the new FRT-11 and was manufactured in Taiwan. Finishes reverted to four solid colours. The model was discontinued from the lineup after 2000 as part of a major refresh of the Revolver Series and ramping up of Chinese production.
Fernandes Custom Order System
Also in 2000, Fernandes introduced a general Custom Order System in its catalogs, allowing customers to order guitars with features beyond standard specifications. This ordering system was strictly dealer-facilitated. As they did before, retail chain stores such as Ishibashi Music, Musicland KEY, Kurosawa Music, Sound House, and Ikebe Gakki could also facilitate special orders for left-handed guitars beyond the set list noted in catalogs. With manufacturing shifting offshore, Fernandes' new OEM partnerships provided the leverage needed to accommodate diverse, small-batch runs and one-off orders that domestic factories had previously resisted.
The new system required customers to complete an order sheet through a dealer, after which the request underwent a feasibility review. While the system emphasized restrictions such as no changes to body shape, scale, neck joint, or materials, the feasibility check allowed requests to be considered on a case-by-case basis, giving Fernandes the discretionary right to accept or reject an order. If accepted, the lead time for all builds, whether right-handed or left-handed, was 4–6 months. The existence of confirmed left-handed Fernandes and Burny models from this period proves that Fernandes did accept left-handed orders through this system.
2001 left-handed availability
In 2001, Fernandes introduced the FR-48 and FR-55S to replace the long running FR-55, both made in Taiwan. The FR-48 was essentially the FR-55 with a "quilted maple" photo finish, and the FR-55S was the FR-55 with Sustainer. Volume 1 of the 2001 Fernandes-Burny catalog, published in February, included six left-handed production models including the new FR-48. Examples include this Ice Blue Sunburst Fernandes FR-48, and this See-Through Black Fernandes FR-48. The FR-48 was removed from the left-handed set list in Volume 2 of the 2001 catalog, published in October.
Examples of FRT-11-equipped left-handed guitars that were otherwise built through the new Custom Order System in 2001 include this Blue Metallic Burst FR-55S, this High-Grade Black FGZ-550S, this High-Grade Black FGZ-550S, and this 2001 (or possibly 2002) High-Grade Black FGZ-550S.
Left-handed availability 2002–2004
The FR-48 was the last production left-handed guitar sold in Japan with an FRT Tremolo System, lasting only 9 months.
From 2002, the Taiwanese company Yako Musical Instruments Co. began full-scale OEM manufacturing of Fernandes guitars and some Burny entry-level reissues using factories in China. Guitars made in China have serial numbers printed on the back of their headstocks with an "FG" prefix.
In 2002, the U.S. and international markets received the FR-based Revolver Pro, which came with the FRT-11, an EMG HZ pickup, and the Fernandes Sustainer Lite (1 switch) system. Left-handed versions were produced primarily as special or export orders, with no mentions of left-handed availability in U.S. catalogs. Surviving examples include this left-handed Revolver Pro with Sustainer Lite, and this left-handed Revolver Pro with Sustainer Lite.
In 2003 and 2004, Fernandes included a new Hisashi Imai signature guitar in the main pages of the Japanese catalog with left-handed availability specifically noted. This was the 2003 Hisashi Imai "Stabilizer" Signature model. It came with the Schaller SFRT-II. It was priced only 10% higher than the right-handed model and was not included on the LH set lists for 2003 or 2004.
Left-handed FRT-equipped guitars built through the Custom Order System after 2001 include this 2004 Turquoise FR-55S (with serial FG04041612) and this 2004 Tamarind FR-55S.
Fernandes discontinued the Takeuchi FRT5-PRO-TRS after 2004. Thereafter, FRT-equipped guitars were fitted with either the Gotoh FRT-10 or Ping Well FRT-11, although lefty models only ever received the FRT-11.
Transition from Catalog Set List to Spot Models and Limited Runs (2005–2024)
The August 2004 Japan catalog marked the final time Fernandes included a standardized list of left-handed models in its regular production lineup. From 2005 onward, left-handed Fernandes and Burny guitars were produced only as “spot models” (small runs of usually 6 to 12 instruments commissioned by a large Japanese retailer such as Ishibashi or Ikebe), one-offs, and limited export batches.
Among these, export-market models such as the Vertigo X, Retrorocket X, Dragonfly X, Monterey Pro, and Revolver Pro were available in small numbers. FRT-11-equipped left-handed examples include this U.K-market 2004 Metallic Black Revolver Pro, and this North American-market Metallic Black 2004 Revolver Pro (Serial FG04111333.)
The only mention of left-handed availability in later catalogs was for Hisashi Imai signature models (non-FRT) in the 2010, 2011 and 2012 editions. They were priced the same as right-handed models. Here is an example of a 2010 left-handed BT-120MM model.
In recent years, various left-handed Fernandes and Burny guitars and basses have appeared on secondary markets and auction platforms with documented build dates including 2005, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013, and 2015. Here is a YouTube video review of a 2018 left-handed Burny Les Paul RLC-55 (with serial FG18030167.)
The last noted use of the FRT-11 by Fernandes is in the 2018 Japan catalog, specifically the final production year for the FR-Standard 2011 and FGZ-Standard 2011 series, despite Ping Well having ceased production of Floyd Rose related products around 2015. After 2018, only the Gotoh GE1996T was used on FRT-equipped models. These guitars were made by Tokai in Japan. No known left-handed models exist. In English catalogs, it was referred to as "Gotoh Licensed Floyd Rose Tremolo."
Fernandes Company. Ltd. ceased operations on July 11, 2024 and started preparations to file for bankruptcy. The company posted a notice at its headquarters stating: "We are currently burdened with a considerable amount of debt to multiple creditors, and unfortunately, we are unable to continue our business." Bankruptcy proceedings had commenced earlier in 2023 for its sales and distribution partner, Osaka Fernandes Co. Ltd. which acted as a catalyst for Fernandes' own closure.
St. Louis Music
St. Louis Music (SLM) is a major U.S. distributor of musical instruments dating back to 1922. They began marketing guitars under the Electra brand in 1971, using various Japanese factories until forming a partnership with Matsumoku Industrial Co. Ltd in Japan in 1981 to produce American-designed guitars for the U.S. and European markets under Matsumoku's "Westone" brand, which it had marketed domestically since 1975. SLM became the distributor for the United States, and UK musical instrument distributor FCN Music became the distributor for the UK and European markets. SLM's Electra brand was merged into Westone in 1984.
Matsumoku was one of the largest producers of OEM guitars in Japan. The company was initially a subsidiary of Singer Sewing Machine Company and produced wooden cabinets, tables, and accessories for Singer products before beginning guitar manufacturing in 1962. The factory was an OEM builder for Aria Pro II, Burny, Epiphone, Fernandes, Ibanez, Greco, Hondo, Samick, Univox, Vantage, and Washburn at different times.
By the mid 1980s, Matsumoku's OEM production for Aria Pro II, Westone, and Fernandes amounted to 7,500 guitars per month. Although exports to Europe remained strong, North American sales declined due to the strong yen. Efforts to rebalance production to a 50:50 export–domestic split failed, and the company fell into the red in July 1986. Unable to recover, Matsumoku closed in 1987. Various Japanese factories such as Dyna, Terada and FujiGen picked up Matsumoku's Japanese market contracts, but by the late 1980s, Japanese manufacturing had become expensive, and most foreign guitar brands that had Japanese lines moved to Korean factories.
St. Louis Music and FCN Music continued to market Westone guitars in their respective markets, with guitars subsequently built in Korea by Samick. The brand lasted until 1991.
Bendmaster FT
(Japan: 1984–1987)
Status: Discontinued
St. Louis Music's first tremolo system featuring fine tuners was the Bendmaster FT, designed by Tom Presley, lead designer and product manager for Westone. It is a two-point, string-through bridge with vertical fine-tuners, notable for the curved sides of its baseplate and J-shaped string hooks. Strings are fed through the block and don't need their ball ends cut off. It has a Floyd Rose style locking nut. It was manufactured in-house by Matsumoku and first appeared in the 1984 Electra-Westone catalog.
Westone. Examples of left-handed Westone guitars that came with the Bendmaster FT include this 1985 Spectrum LX, this 1985 Spectrum SX, this 1985 Spectrum DX, and this 1986 Spectrum DX. Here is a very rare left-handed Dimension IV (X4JB.)
Aria Pro II. Although not mentioned in the Aria Pro II catalog for 1985, this 1985 left handed Aria Pro II Laser Electric Heritage has a Bendmaster FT tremolo.
Ibanez. A similar tremolo made by Gotoh was used for one year only, on the 1985 Ibanez Axstar Series. These guitars were manufactured at the Jackson-Charvel Chushin Gakki factory, and to my knowledge, no left-handed versions were made. The Gotoh version was designated Gotoh 1086 or model OGE1086TFB, and was available only in black. It had "Gotoh" stamped on the block. The Gotoh verson has the same J-shaped saddles as the Westone original, but a different baseplate shape.
Lâg. The Gotoh version somehow found its way on the 1985 Lâg Rockline, a French brand.
After Matsumoku's closure and SLM's shift to Korean production, the Bendmaster FT was manufactured by Jin Ah in Korea—not only for SLM brands but also as an OEM unit for numerous guitar brands with Korean lines well into the 1990s, notably Aria Pro II, B.C. Rich, Marlin, Epiphone, and Hondo, among others. For information on Jin Ah's OEM production of the Bendmaster and other OEM tremolo systems see Part 2: Licensed Versions
Bendmaster Deluxe
(1985–1988)
Status: Discontinued
Tom Presley of St. Louis Music also designed the Floyd Rose-style Bendmaster Deluxe tremolo exclusively for Westone guitars. It was intended to be the next evolution of the Bendmaster and first appeared in the 1986 Westone catalog. It was intentionally engineered with subtle differences from a Floyd Rose to circumvent licensing fees.
This tremolo was unusual in that the saddles had roller-style string guides, and the unit had very long tuning springs, which made the tail very long but low too. It was stamped "Bendmaster Deluxe" on the baseplate and without apparent acknowledgment of Floyd Rose patents elsewhere. It was trialled on the Spectrum DX superstrat which were also available left-handed. Left-handed examples include this 1985 Spectrum DX, this 1986 Spectrum DX, and this 1986 Spectrum DX.
In the January 1987 Westone catalogs, it lists the Pantera Standard and Deluxe Series, the Spectrum II and III Series, the Corsair DLX Series, and the new-for-1987 Genesis I and II Series as having the Bendmaster Deluxe. Of those, here is an example of a 1987 left handed Spectrum II.
After Samick took over guitar manufacturing, Japanese hardware was replaced with Korean hardware and the Bendmaster Deluxe was gone by 1988.
Aria Pro II
Japanese company Aria & Co. had a close relationship with Matsumoku. Aria guitars were exclusively built by Matsumoku from 1964. Aria provided design development and business arrangements on behalf of Matsumoku, such as the contract to build Epiphone guitars for Gibson during the 1970s and 1980s.
Following Matsumoku’s closure in 1987, Korean OEM manufacturer Samick gained the Aria Pro II and Epiphone contracts and became the primary builder of Epiphone guitars until 1996. Samick continued producing Aria guitars and drums until the early 2000s, when Aria returned to Japanese manufacturing.
During the 1980s, left-handed availability was only by special order through dealers, and never explicitly mentioned in Aria Pro II catalogs.
Aria Pro II ACT-3
(1985–1988)
Status: Discontinued
Up until 1984, Aria Pro II used Kahler vibrato systems. Aria Pro II's first proprietary locking tremolo system with fine tuners, licensed under Floyd Rose patents, was a unique tremolo called the ACT-3, released in 1985. (“ACT” = “Aria Concentric Tremolo”.) It was also used on some Washburn guitars made by Matsumoku, for which it was designated 600-T.
It is not simply a licensed Original Floyd Rose. It is distinctive for the fact that not only are the strings fed through horizontal tube screws at the rear without needing to cut off the ball ends, similar to the single-locking Fernandes Head Crasher FRT-6 and Floyd Rose II, but each saddle additionally has a hinged rectangular carbon steel pressure pad that clamps the string in place, locked down by a hex screw. It is also very recognizable for its large, rectangular tremolo arm collar. It has a post spacing of 73mm, as opposed to 74mm of a regular Floyd Rose, making it incompatible with anything non-proprietary. There were two versions:
Original (Made in Japan)
The original ACT-3 was made in Japan by Matsumoku. It has the same geometry as a German Floyd Rose and is stamped with "ACT/3" on the upper base and "Mfg. under Floyd Rose Pats." in very small lettering along the bottom edge of the base. It has an L-shaped block into which the tremolo arm screws.
It was featured in the 1985 Aria Pro II catalog on the RS Esprit, RS Hellcat, RS Inazuma III, the Exotic Series XX and ZZ, all 3 Custom X models in the CT range, and the Diamond Series JX-Plus and JX-Custom. An RS Esprit Yngwie Malmsteen Signature model was also introduced with the ACT-3. Here is a surviving example of a 1985 left handed RS Esprit.
For 1986, it was featured on the Japan-market RS Knight Warrior, RS Knight Warrior-MX, RS Hellcat, RS Wildcat PLUS, RS Inazuma-III; CT Series Custom X-FR, Custom X-MX, and Custom X; and on the Diamond Series JX-Plus and JX-Custom. The 1986 International Aria Pro II catalog lists these models with the ACT-3: Knight Warrior Deluxe 3, Knight Warrior STD-3, Road Warrior 3, Wildcat-3, and Bobcat-3. It was also used on the export market Exotic Series XX Deluxe and ZZ Deluxe.
This tremolo was highly regarded by players of the time and was chosen by Neal Schon for his 1986 Schon NS6 Signature model made by Jackson Guitars, after using it on an Aria Pro II PE (Les Paul) Signature model.
Second version (Made in Korea)
With Aria Pro II production moving to Korea in 1987, subsequent versions of the ACT-3 were made in Korea and were slightly different. This time it had the same baseplate shape, knife edges, and swept-back, curved tail as the Fernandes FRT-7 Floyd Rose but retained its non-universal 73mm post spacing. It had "Mfg. under Floyd Rose Pats." on the upper base and "ACT3-S" on the tremolo arm collar on the opposite side. This version is found on Samick-built Aria Pro II and Washburn guitars. (The Washburn version otherwise had "Washburn 600-T" on its upper base.)
This latter version was used on the 1987-1988 left-handed Aria Pro II XR Series made by Samick in Korea. Here is an example of a 1987-1988 left-handed Washburn E29 made by Samick that came with the 600-T equivalent.
Aria Pro II replaced the ACT-3 in 1989 with an OEM version of the Gotoh GE1988T and the Takeuchi TRS-101.
Ibanez
Ibanez is famous for its superstrat guitars and longtime endorsers Steve Vai, Joe Satriani, Paul Gilbert, and others. Ibanez guitars have traditionally been manufactured by FujiGen in Japan and, from the late 1980s onward, also by Cort and Samick in Korea, followed later by Cort-affiliated production in Indonesia and China.
Ibanez began building their guitars with tremolo systems initially provided by OEM producers Gotoh and Takeuchi in the 1980s. Later designs were developed in‑house and manufactured by OEM factories in Korea and China.
NOTE. Ibanez's use of rebranded OEM-supplied systems are covered in Part 2: Licensed Versions and Part 4: The Asian OEM Pool
Ibanez left-handed availability
Over the years Ibanez has usually shown strong support for lefty players although there have been patches, especially during the 2000s, when they offered nothing. Generally, they offer a modest but limited selection of left-handed guitars, focusing mostly on basic core models.
Ibanez Edge Tremolo
(1986– present)
Status: Current
In 1986, Ibanez adopted the Edge Tremolo, manufactured by Gotoh. The Edge Tremolo was originally Gotoh's licensed version of the Original Floyd Rose tremolo, and was supplied as OEM hardware to several guitar brands such as Aria Pro II and B.C. Rich. It then became exclusive to Ibanez and was used as the basis for subsequent Ibanez proprietary and derivative tremolo designs.
In its first year, it was non-recessed, then fully recessed from 1987. It was stamped "Licensed Under Floyd Rose Patents" on the top of the tail. The block was stamped with "Ibanez EDGE" and "Japan" in smaller letters on a second line.
The first Ibanez left-handed models to feature the new Edge Tremolo were the one-year-only 1986 PL1770L and the 1986-1987 Roadstar II RG440L. It continued to be used on the 1988-1991 RG550L, the 1989-1990 Roadstar II 540S-L, the 1989-1992 RG560L, the 1993 USA and European market RG470L, the Japan-only 2001-2002 RGR580L, and the Europe-only 2002-2004 RG570L. These guitars were made at Fujigen Gakki in Nagano.
Ibanez Lo-Pro Edge
(1991– present)
Status: Current
Ibanez continued its collaboration with Gotoh and introduced a lower-profile version of the Edge Tremolo called the Ibanez Lo-Pro Edge in 1991. It is essentially a licensed version of the newer Original Floyd Rose PRO (with short, stubby lock bolts inside of the tail) but exclusive to Ibanez. By 1992, the Lo-Pro became the standard tremolo for all high-end Ibanez guitars made in Japan. The left hand version is Ibanez Part No. 2LE1L31K. Starting in 1997, select high-end RG models reverted back to the original Edge.
Left hand guitars built with the Lo-Pro Edge were the 1992 RG560L, the 1995 RG570L and RG550L, the 1998-2000 RG680CL, and the the 2000 RG3120L.
SLT-101
(1998–2001)
Status: Discontinued
The SLT-101 (SLT = Single Locking Tremolo) was another type of single-locking tremolo adopted by Ibanez exclusively, where the strings are fed through tubes in the rear and do not have to have their ball ends cut off. It is most similar to the Fernandes proprietary Head Crasher FRT-6, sharing its oval arches between where the forks meet the top of the tail and slotted tubes. It has nearly identical saddles as the Head Crasher and has the distinctive Takeuchi trapezoid baseplate and angular tail. The tail has "Licensed Under Floyd Rose Patents," which is inner-facing. There is no model number or inscription on the baseplate or block. It is not one of the standard offerings from the universal Korean or Chinese OEM pools. However, it is visually identical to the aftermarket Mighty Mite Single Locking Tremolo.
It was used by Ibanez from 1998 for its entry level guitars built by Cort in Korea, including the 1998-2001 left handed RG270L. Ibanez Part Numbers are 2SL1C12C (chrome) and 2SL1C12B (black.) It was also used on some Cort guitars.
Ibanez ILT1
(2001–2010)
Status: Discontinued
Between 2001 and 2010, Ibanez adopted a TRS-101 clone for some entry-level superstrat models that were manufactured in Korea and Indonesia, designated ILT1. It was not one of the standard offerings from the universal Korean OEM pool.
Unlike the TRS-101 or TRT-1 originals made by Takeuchi, the top knife edge of the ILT1 baseplate is straight like that of the Ibanez Lo-TRS, also produced by Takeuchi. Like the SLT-101 single-locking tremolo, it has a Takeuchi-shaped baseplate, and the arches between the forks at the top of the tail are oval. The ILT1 is stamped "Ibanez" (upside down) on the face of the upper baseplate and "Licensed Under Floyd Rose Patents." on the tail which is inner-facing. Nowhere on the unit does it say where it is made, or by whom. Left hand Part Numbers are 2CD1L101B (black) and 2CD1L101C (chrome.) The block style suggests earlier units were Korean‑made, with later ones likely Chinese‑made.
Edge Pro
(2003–2009)
Status: Discontinued
From 2003, the Edge was discontinued, and the Lo-Pro Edge was replaced by the new Edge Pro, an evolutionary redesign of the Edge and Lo-Pro Edge. It was produced by Gotoh exclusively for Ibanez.
The Edge Pro shares essentially no parts with its predecessors beyond the push‑in arm system. It has unique saddles with integrated string locks. Instead of having string holder blocks, the Edge Pro has sliding string holders which are part of the bridge. It can be strung either with or without removing the ball ends of the strings. The tail has "Ibanez" cast in the center. The block is cast with "Made in Japan" and has a sticker that says "Licensed Under Floyd Rose Patents."
The Edge Pro was produced until 2009 and was fitted to Ibanez's Prestige line and most Signature models. Left handed finishes for the Prestige line were 2ELJ11LK (Cosmo black), 2EL1J11LG (gold), and 2EL1J11LPC (powder Cosmo.) Left hand models were the 2003 RG2570EXL, 2003-2008 RG1570L, and 2009 RG1550ML. The 2009 limited edition left handed JS1200L Joe Satriani Signature was available in chrome only.
Edge Pro II
(2003–2005)
Status: Discontinued
Also in 2003, Ibanez released the Edge Pro II for its Korean-made guitars, to replace the unpopular Lo-TRS II. It has "Made in Korea" embossed on the underside of the block. As with the Edge Pro, the Edge Pro II can be strung either with or without removing the ball ends of the strings, and the saddles have integrated string locks. It has a threaded tremolo collar instead of the push-in system on the Edge Pro and replaceable knife-edge inserts. It has 73mm post spacing, which cannot drop-in retrofit guitars originally routed for standard 74mm Floyd-spacing units such as Edge or Lo-Pro Edge without modification. The Edge Pro II was featured on all Korean-made RG models utilizing double-locking vibrato systems until 2005.
Lefty Ibanez RG models fitted with the Edge Pro II were the 2003 RG370BL, 2003 RG320FAL, 2003-2004 RG320FML, and the 2004 RG370DXL that were made in Korea. (From 2005-2010 the RG370DXL would thereafter been manufactured in Indonesia.)
ZR (Zero Resistance) tremolo with ZPS (Zero Point System)
(2003–2015)
Status: Discontinued
A third release in 2003 was the Zero Resistance (ZR) tremolo. It was the first Ibanez tremolo to feature a ball-bearing pivot system instead of the two-post and knife-edge pivot. It also has offset saddle locking bolts so they can be adjusted without the strings being in the way. It has a snap-in tremolo arm socket and adjustable arm tension.
The unit came with the Zero Point System (ZPS) which is a backstop-like device that consists of a metal bar attached to a pair of springs installed in the bridge cavity outboard of the usual tremolo springs. It applies counter pressure to return the bridge to the zero point (flat position.) It can be set to floating or fixed. The ZR relied on a hex bolt to adjust the spring tension from the rear of the guitar. With the ZPS installed, the ZR has a slightly stiffer feel when pressing down on the arm since there is an extra set of springs involved.
The ZR and ZPS were made in China. It was used exclusively on Ibanez S-Series guitars and was discontinued in 2015.
The S420L is the only production Ibanez left-handed model ever to employ the original ZR tremolo, produced from 2010-2013 in Indonesia. The guitar was available only in the one colour: Blackberry Sunburst.
ZPS2 (Zero Point System 2)
The ZPS2 was introduced in 2005 as a replacement for the original ZPS, used in conjunction with the ZR tremolo. The main difference between the ZPS2 and the ZPS is that the ZPS2 uses a tension adjustment thumbwheel which replaced the hex bolt adjustment system in the first ZR. It is made in China.
Edge III
(2005–2017)
Status: Discontinued
The Edge III was introduced in 2005 and has a slightly higher tail than the Edge Pro/Edge Pro II. It is made in China. The Edge III lost the integrated string lock saddles of its predecessors, the Edge Pro and Edge Pro II, and requires the ball ends to be cut off the strings. It also has the odd 73mm post spacing as with the Edge Pro II.
The Edge III eventually replaced the Edge Pro II for Ibanez's Korean and Indonesian-made guitars including the 2005–2010 RG370DXL and the 2009–2012 USA-only RG5EX1L, both made in Indonesia. The Edge III was phased out and finally discontinued in 2017.
ZR2 with ZPS3
(2008–2015)
Status: Discontinued
In 2008, Ibanez introduced the ZR2 tremolo, which continued to use the ball-bearing pivot system of the original ZR tremolo. It featured a redesigned pop-in tremolo arm in place of the screw-in arm on the ZR, which was prone to breaking. The ZR2 also used a lighter metal in the thumbwheel assembly. The ZR2 was offered on the Japanese high-end Prestige line, while the original ZR continued to be used on the standard models. (In 2010, the pop-in arm was extended to the original ZR too.) Accompanying the new ZR2 was the new ZPS3, which replaced the ZPS. The lefty ZPS3 unit is Ibanez Part Number 2TRX5AE005. The ZPS3 is made of duralumin and is made in China. The ZPS3 was used with ZR, ZR2, and later Edge Zero, and Edge Zero II tremolos.
The original ZR and ZR2 were both discontinued after 2015. Five years earlier Ibanez was involved in a court action with Floyd Rose and Ping Well Industrial Co. (manufacturer of the similar Floyd Rose Speedloader) brought by Geoffrey L. McCabe alleging patent violations which included Ibanez's ZR tremolo units and the Zero Point System. The case was dismissed in July 2013. After the case, Ibanez shifted back to knife‑edge designs, likely to avoid future licensing entanglements.
Edge Zero Tremolo with ZPS3
(2008–2021)
Status: Discontinued
Also in 2008, Ibanez introduced the Edge Zero Tremolo with ZPS3. The Edge Zero shared the pop-in tremolo arm with the ZR2 and reintroduced the locking studs from the original Edge tremolo. It is a regular knife edge tremolo and was used on Japanese Prestige models. The Edge Zero is made in Japan.
One commonly reported issue among users about the Edge Zero is its lack of the steel backing plate for the fine tuner screws, which earlier designs included. This change means that the fine tuners are threaded directly into the more brittle zinc alloy of the tremolo body, which, with even general use, can cause this brittle metal to crack.
Ibanez guitars that come with the Zero Point System have a "Z" in their model designations. The Edge Zero tremolo with ZPS3 was available only in Cosmo black. Left hand guitars that used it were the RG2550ZL (2009, 2013-2014), RG1570ZL (2010-2013), RG1550MZL (2010-2011), and the RG8570ZL (2015-2017, 2019-2021.)
ZPS3Fe
(2010– present)
Status: Current
The ZPS3Fe is the third version of the Zero Point System, introduced in 2010, for mid-level Ibanez guitars. It is made from a zinc alloy and is made in China. It adds a dial in the spring cavity cover that allows you to adjust the spring tension with your finger (from the back of the guitar) without having to use an Allen key.
Today it is used only with the Edge Zero II, following the discontinuation of the ZR, ZR2 and Edge Zero tremolos earlier. Several left-handed guitars came with the ZPS3Fe.
Edge Zero II
(2011– present)
Status: Current
In 2011, Ibanez released the Edge Zero II which was available with or without the ZPS3Fe system for mid-level guitars and to replace the Edge III. It is made in China.
The left-handed Edge Zero II with ZPS3Fe was available in black (2TRX5AF006) or Cosmo black (2TRX5AF008), and the left-handed Edge Zero II with spring hook was available only in black (2TRX5AD032). Lefty models with the Edge Zero II included the 2011-2014 RG370DXZL (with ZPS3Fe), the 2011-2012 RG870QMZL (with ZPS3Fe), the 2013-2014 RG450DXBL (without ZPS3Fe), and the 2013-2014 RG950QMZL (with ZPS3Fe.)
As of early 2025, the only catalogued left‑handed model known with Edge Zero II is the Nita Strauss Signature JIVA10L, first released in 2022.
Reintroduced Edge and Lo-Pro Edge
(2010– present)
Status: Current
In response to the largely negative feedback about the Edge Zero, Ibanez reintroduced the original 1986 Edge and 1991 Lo-Pro Edge tremolos for their Japanese-made Prestige Series guitars in 2010. Both continue to be used to this day.
The current Edge and Lo-Pro Edge tremolos do not have nor require Floyd Rose licensing statements. The block still says "Ibanez EDGE" with "Japan" on a second line.
The reintroduced Edge tremolo was used on the following left handed Prestige Series guitars: 2011-2013 JEM7VL Steve Vai Signature, 2011-2015 JS1200L Joe Satriani Signature, 2016-2017 Prestige Series RG655L, 2016-2019 RG652AHML, 2017 30th Anniversary JEM777L, 2017 RG652MPBL, 2018 RGR652AHBL, and the 2018-2020 Genesis Collection RG550L reissue (available in Road Flare Red or Desert Sun Yellow.) It is used on the current (2024-) left-handed RG550L-DY (Desert Sun Yellow) Genesis Collection.
The re-introduced Lo-Pro tremolo was fitted to the 2020-2022 left-handed RG5320L.
Ibanez have reduced their lefty offerings as of 2025, but they do offer the Lo-Pro tremolo on the 2025 lefthanded RG5120ML.
Ibanez Standard DL Tremolo
(2013– present)
Status: Current
The Ibanez ILT1 tremolo was used on Ibanez entry-level guitars until 2010 leaving only the Edge III for budget models, which in turn was phased out and fully discontinued in 2017. Before then, Ibanez released it's Standard DL Tremolo which was introduced in 2013. It is essentially another Takeuchi TRT1 / TRS-101 clone, made in China.
This version has the Takeuchi baseplate shape, and "Ibanez" (right side up) etched on the top. There are no licensing statements. A box with the block size inside it is stamped into the block. The top knife edge of the baseplate curves into a straight edge. This is different to the standard Takeuchi clones supplied via the universal Chinese OEM pool.
Much like its predecessors, the Standard DL tremolo is designed for entry- to mid-level Ibanez guitars which are made in Indonesia or China, such as the Indonesian-made 2015-2019 left handed RG450DXBL and the Indonesian-made left handed Steve Vai Signature JEMJRL, which has been in production since 2016.
Yamaha
Yamaha Corporation began producing classical acoustic guitars in the 1940s at its Hamamatsu factory, with the first exports occurring in 1966, followed by electric guitars in the 1970s. Yamaha guitars were initially made in their own Japanese factories (e.g., Hamamatsu), with additional production in company facilities in Taiwan (1970s), Korea, China (Hangzhou, 2007), Indonesia, and the U.S. The company has never been very lefty-friendly but has made token offerings on and off over the years.
Yamaha introduced their own "Vibrato System" bridge with a locking nut in 1984. While it had no name beyond "Yamaha Tremolo Unit", it utilized knife edges for the pivot, and fine tuners at the end of individual saddle arms. It also loaded the strings through the back and did not need the ball ends cut off. Each saddle had a locking plate that screwed down with a grub screw. The baseplate had a rectangular turret with threaded hole for the tremolo arm to screw into. The unit only pitched down. It was introduced on Yamaha's new-for-1984 SBG-1300TS model. It continued to be used on the 1985 SBG-1300TS, Yamaha's new EX Explorer and VX Flying V models, and the SE-700E. At least one left-handed SE-700E is known to exist.
Further developments of this tremolo system evolved into the highly-respected Rocking Magic Series, including left-handed versions, used by Yamaha all the way through to the mid 2000s.
Yamaha RM-II
(1985–1987)
Status: Discontinued
Yamaha's second proprietary tremolo system was the Yamaha Rockin' Magic RM-II introduced in 1985. This was a single locking tremolo that had the strings fed through from the rear of the saddle assemblies (rather than through tubes as on the original Floyd Rose II and most other single locking variants.) The strings are double locked by a plate with a hex screw. Unique to Yamaha is that the unit has horizontal screws on springs at the rear of the base for each saddle that when turned move the saddle forward or back for easier intonation adjustments. The block on the RM-II is "forked" and has a pin running through it for the spring hooks.
The Yamaha 1986 catalog says the following: "The new Yamaha Rockin' Magic II locking vibrato system adds a new dimension to the concept of radical pitch bending. The low profile bridge allows for right handed muting techniques without being hindered by bulky hardware. String locks at the nut and on each individual saddle ensure perfect tuning stability at all times. Individual fine tuners on each string provide for minute pitch adjustments while playing. The Rockin' Magic II uses standard ball end strings and is capable of both upward and downward pitch bending." There were no inscriptions anywhere on the unit. There was a lot of steel in this unit and therefore it added significant weight to the guitar.
It was used on the 1987 Yamaha left handed RGX-312L and early versions of the 1987 Yamaha left handed RGX-612SL, both made in Taiwan. This very rare Japanese-made left handed RGX-612DL from 1987 (likely a special order) has the RM-II. Even more rare is this "unicorn" left-handed 1986 SFX-II.
Yamaha RM-Pro
(1988–1992)
Status: Discontinued
The RM-Pro was introduced in 1988. As with the RM-II, the strings do not need the ball ends cut off and are each double-locked with a bullet-shaped plate. It has an angled tail with fine tuners. It was unique in that it used needle bearings at the fulcrum to ensure smooth operation and precise pitch return. Right-handed units featured a pitch rise adjustment, which makes it possible to set a maximum amount of pitch bend; lefty versions did not have this. It also has a pop-in-pop-out tremolo arm. There was no licensing inscription or model identification on the unit. This tremolo last appeared on the 1991 "Yamaha Hard Style" mid-level RGX and higher-level RGZ Series.
Later versions of the 1987-1989 left handed Yamaha RGX 612SL and Yamaha SE612L were made with this tremolo.
Yamaha RMX II
(1988–1992)
Status: Discontinued
The RMX II was introduced in 1988 and is a nod to Yamaha's original 1984 Vibrato System. It is a single-locking tremolo where the ball ends of the strings do not need to be cut off. The baseplate is flat with one curved and one straight knife-edge. Each string has its own one-piece saddle/tail unit that incorporates its own fine-tuning assembly at the rear. The strings are pressed into a groove at the top of each saddle and held in place by the ball ends and string tension. The baseplate also has a bottom section with screws to intonate the saddles. The unit has a pop-in tremolo arm that inserts into the block. It was discontinued after 1991.
The Yamaha left handed RGX-312L made in Taiwan from 1987-1990 initially came with the Yamaha RM II tremolo, then the RMX II.
Here is an excellent video from YouTube user WatchWatchBoi presenting a close-up of the left-handed RMX II from a Yamaha RGX-312L.
Yamaha RM-Pro II / RM-Pro III
(1991–2003)
Status: Discontinued
The Yamaha RM-Pro II is a licensed Original Floyd Rose–style tremolo featuring a single straight knife-edge pivot, along with Yamaha’s proprietary intonation adjustment and string-locking system. It first appeared in Yamaha’s 1991 catalog on the newly introduced Pacifica models, the high-spec “Yamaha Hard Style” RGX-612JS, and the “Yamaha Advance Style” Sonare Series. It was also fitted to several Japanese signature models until 1995. The system was later succeeded by the near-identical Rockin’ Magic Pro III, which remained in use until 2003.
The RM-Pro II and III are notable for their two-piece baseplate design, one section of which houses individual horizontal intonation screws. These screws move each saddle forward or backward along the main baseplate for precise intonation adjustment. Both plates are secured to the tremolo block. This additional saddle adjustment functionality was pioneered by Yamaha and used on earlier tremolos. Each saddle assembly includes its own vertical string tube, allowing strings to be fed from underneath the unit, meaning ball ends do not need to be removed. Additionally, the saddles also have string locks and lock bolts like a regular Floyd Rose.
Here is an excellent video guide on the Yamaha RM-PRO II from Youtuber user Itty: Yamaha RM PRO II Assembly Guide - YouTube
The RM-Pro II and III are immediately recognizable for the fact that the licensing statement is stamped upside down on the baseplate, irrespective of whether the guitar is left handed or right handed. It says: "YAMAHA RM-PRO II" or "YAMAHA RM-PRO III" with a second line saying "Licensed Under" and a third line saying "Floyd Rose Pats." All three U.S patent numbers are stamped on the block.
From those I've seen, it appears that Yamaha couldn't be bothered to use a proper left-handed baseplate, as they just drilled the straight edge side of a right-hand baseplate for the lefty tremolo arm, hence the lefty versions are technically "upside down."
Left hand guitars made with this tremolo were the 1991 Yamaha RGZ 612L and 1991-1993 Yamaha YG 612L, both made in Taiwan; and the 1992-1995 Yamaha Pacifica 912JL, made in Japan. Both the Pacifica 912JL and YG612L were explicitly stated in Yamaha catalogs as being available left-handed. The Pacifica became a regular left-handed offering and is still offered to this day, albeit without a Floyd Rose tremolo.
Yamaha RMX III
(1991–1994)
Status: Discontinued
The RMX III was a refinement of the RMX II, retaining its baseplate geometry but adding an angled tail for the fine tuners, like a regular Floyd Rose, instead of each string having its own integrated saddle and tail assembly with an individual fine-tuner screw. It remained a single-locking system in the same way as the RMX II and used the same torque-adjusted tremolo arm with a push-in/pull-out fit. There were no inscriptions or identifiers on the base or block.
The RMX III first appeared in the 1991 Yamaha Japan catalog on the lower-spec "Yamaha Hard Style" RGX and RGZ Series and the lower-spec YG Series until 1993. None of these models were available left-handed.
From about 1994, Yamaha began using a modified OEM version of the licensed Takeuchi TRS-PRO on some of its superstrats all the way through to the 2000s. After that, Wilkinson tremolos were adopted.
ESP Japan (1980s and 1990s)
Electric Sound Products (ESP) of Japan began as a guitar repair shop in Shibuya, Tokyo in 1975. By 1979 it had expanded into a custom guitar workshop, followed by a U.S. presence in 1981. ESP established its first Japanese factory in Nagano in 1983, with a second facility opening on Sado Island, Niigata in 1986.
Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, ESP operated as a major OEM manufacturer for several international brands, most notably Kramer and Jackson. In 1990, the company acquired Schecter Guitars.
ESP has also been notably left-handed friendly compared to many manufacturers of the era. Today, the company operates multiple brand tiers across its global lineup:
Navigator was exclusive to the Japanese domestic market, consisting of high-end Fender and Gibson replicas. (The brand was discontinued July 31, 2025);
ESP is for the international market with high-end and intermediate guitars;
Edwards is ESP's Japan domestic market brand aimed at intermediate to advanced players since 1990;
Grassroots is ESP's entry-level brand for the Japanese domestic market since 1993; and
LTD is ESP's entry-level brand for the international market since 1996.
ESP Magician
(1983)
Status: Discontinued
The ESP Magician was the first ever angled-tail Floyd Rose design publicly advertised in Japan, released just after Hanson Metalwork's initial run in the United States and several months before Schaller began production of their version. It was a clone of the Hansen version and became the basis of the official Fernandes Floyd Rose FRT-7, released at the end of 1984.
The Magician was first announced in the July 1983 issue of Young Guitar magazine in the "Something New" section. It said:
ESP ファイン・チューナー付ロック・サドル・トレモロ MAGICIAN ¥50,000 フロイド・ローズ・タイプのトレモロ・ユニットにファイン・チューナーを取り付けたのがこのマジシャン。サドル部に設けられたファイン・チューナーにより、ミュート奏法の邪魔にならずに演奏でき、信頼性の高いプレイが可能である。このチューナーは何度でも正確なチューニングができ、チューニングの狂いを防ぐ効果もあるという優れもの。さらに、ステンレス製などの部品と特別加工されたプレートにより、音の伝導性が向上している | ESP Locking‑saddle tremolo with fine tuners MAGICIAN ¥50,000 The Magician is a Floyd‑Rose‑type tremolo unit fitted with fine tuners. Because the fine tuners are located at the saddle section, they do not interfere with palm‑muting and allow reliable, high‑precision playing. These tuners enable accurate tuning repeatedly and help prevent tuning drift. In addition, the use of stainless parts and specially processed plates improves sound transmission. |
It was then featured in ESP's August 1983 Export Catalog. The catalog lists the Magician as a standalone kit or factory option for ESP Custom Shop models. It was etched with "MAGICIAN" in capital letters on the upper base. The product disappeared after the September 1983 catalog. A very rare example of a left-handed ESP guitar with the Magician is this 1983 ESP SE-260L.
ESP Synclear
(1987–1993)
Status: Discontinued
Beginning in 1987, ESP produced its own licensed Floyd Rose-style tremolo, the Synclear, for use on ESP, Edwards, and Navigator guitars. It incorporated several proprietary features. Early versions used individually adjustable saddles secured by a vertical hex screw and locking washer, a design later replaced by a conventional Floyd Rose-style saddle arrangement. The sustain block was L-shaped, with the tremolo arm threaded directly into it. It had "ESP" on the tail and "Licensed Under Pat No 4549461 No 4497236" embossed upside down on the upper baseplate. It was produced until 1993.
The Synclear is not a straight swap for an Original Floyd Rose as the sides of the baseplate of the Synclear are oval. The post spacings, however, are the same. Known left-handed examples include a mid-1980s ESP Mirage Deluxe, an ESP Custom Shop Random Star, and a late 1980s "parts bin" Kramer by ESP Focus 1000.
Kahler
In 1981, Gary Kahler of American Precision Metal Works introduced the cam-based Kahler tremolo system. He later expanded the range with the knife-edge Kahler Fulcrum followed by three double-locking fulcrum tremolos: the Steeler, a licensed Original Floyd Rose; and the proprietary Killer and Spyder, which combined Floyd Rose and Kahler design features. Manufactured in the United States, the Steeler, Killer, and Spyder were collectively known as the 2700 Series. All three were available in left-hand, though some models were limited to custom orders or specific brand partnerships. (The Kahler Steeler is covered in Part Two: OEM Producers)
Kahler did not have any competitor other than Floyd Rose during the 1980s but legal challenges, combined with aggressive market positioning by Floyd Rose pushed Kahler out of the business in the 1990s.
2710 Killer
(1985–1992)
Status: Discontinued
The Kahler 2710 Killer was a double-locking tremolo that expanded on the Floyd Rose design. Its finger-locking saddles eliminated the need to cut off string ball ends or use tools to lock the strings. It also offered greater intonation adjustment and adjustable string spacing.
Carvin Guitars, a prolific user of Kahler tremolos throughout the 1980s, adopted the Killer in 1989 before switching to Floyd Rose systems from 1990. The Killer came standard on select Westone guitars in 1989.
In 2024 Gary Kahler stated this tremolo would never be reintroduced as it was too expensive to produce.
2720 Spyder
(1988–1992, 2024– present)
Status: Discontinued 1992, Reintroduced 2024
The original 2720 Spyder tremolo from the 1980s utilized Kahler patents but was still visually similar to an Original Floyd Rose. There were three versions: the 2722 (Wrench-locking model), the 2731 (Finger-locking model), and the 2750 (Non-locking model.)
Unlike a Floyd Rose, its shared baseplate used replaceable slotted inserts that pivot on the studs. The studs could be rotated instead of having to be replaced, unlike those with knife-edges. The Kahler Auto Latch was an optional fitting to the block that allowed one to switch the tremolo from floating to fixed via the tremolo arm. The Spyder will not fit in a Floyd Rose rout.
The Spyder was primarily developed for Fender's HM Series superstrats that were built between 1988 and 1992. Peavey and B.C Rich were also prominent users. Peavey and B.C Rich made left-handed guitars, Fender did not.
Left-hand guitars were produced with this tremolo, but the left-hand units were simply upside-down right-hand units with a new hole drilled into the opposite side of the baseplate to accommodate the lefty tremolo arm. Although visually and cosmetically jarring, functionality was not affected.
The 1988–1991 lefty Peavey Tracer came standard with the Spyder tremolo. More examples include this 1987 USA Custom Shop lefty Warlock, this 1987 USA Custom Shop lefty B.C Rich ST-III, and this left-handed B.C Rich ST-III from the same era.
After an absence of 32 years Gary Kahler re-released the Spyder in 2024 as part of his new 2700 Series fulcrum tremolos. The Spyders are being assembled from new old stock parts and will be sold until all are gone. The Kahler Auto Latch is offered again on the Spyder.
Steeler Traditional / Steeler Professional
(2024– present)
Status: Current
In 2024, Gary Kahler reintroduced fulcrum-based tremolos after a 32-year hiatus. The Steeler, originally Kahler’s licensed Floyd Rose-style system and widely used as an OEM unit in the 1980s–90s, was relaunched as two updated models: the Steeler Traditional and Steeler Professional. Both are now fully proprietary designs. However, it should be noted that they are using N.O.S. baseplates from the 1990s, which still have the obsolete Floyd Rose licensing statement.
The Steeler Traditional stays closest to the classic Floyd Rose format but adds refinements such as easier saddle intonation, adjustable arm height and tension, string-centering thumb blocks, and domed tuners.
The Steeler Professional retains double-locking functionality without requiring ball-end removal. Both are compatible with the Kahler Auto-Latch system.
The system offers four interchangeable block options, including two solid-brass variants that can be configured for 32mm, 37mm, or 42mm spacing using included Brass Stacker plates.
Jackson-Charvel
Jackson JT-6
(1987–1989)
Status: Discontinued
Beginning in 1985, Grover Jackson shifted production of Charvel and some Jackson guitars to Japan. He contracted International Music Corporation (IMC) to oversee operations, which in turn engaged the Japanese trading company Kyowa Shokai to manage production. The new Charvel Model Series was manufactured by Chushin Gakki in Nagano from 1986. Early vibrato-equipped models used Kahler tremolos, but in 1987 Jackson-Charvel commissioned Taiwanese manufacturer Ping Well to produce a Jackson-branded OEM tremolo for both Jackson and Charvel guitars. The result was the Jackson JT-6.
The JT-6 differed from original and licensed Floyd Rose systems through its distinctive horizontal "micro tuners" which extended from the rear of the bridge alongside the string-lock screws rather than sitting vertically on the tail. Its saddles also featured covered lock blocks that created a flat upper surface. It was embossed with "Licensed Under Floyd Rose Patents" on the tail, with "Jackson" on the front of the block and "Made in Taiwan R.O.C." on the rear of the block. The block also carried a sticker marked "#40121587." The JT-6 had a distinctive rough hammered steel finish, even rougher than the Schaller Floyd Rose II.
Jackson's USA Dinky was available left-handed with the JT-6, while the 1987 Randy Rhoads, Soloist, and Strat-body models could be ordered left-handed. Kahler tremolos returned as an option in 1988. When the Model Series was replaced in 1989 by the Classic, Professional, Fusion, and Contemporary Series, only the Classic Deluxe 275 and one-year-only Model HSH retained the JT-6. Most other models adopted the German-made JT-590 or JT-580, rebranded versions of the double-locking and single-locking Floyd Rose II. The Deluxe 475 was also available left-handed.
Of the Japanese Model Series, the Model 3 was available left-handed. Examples include this 1987 Charvel Model 3 and this 1988 Charvel Model 3. Another example (with missing caps) is this Charvel Model 3. By around 1990, the JT-6 was replaced with the Takeuchi TRS-101 (designated "FLC-101") on most Japanese Charvel guitars, while Jackson USA models continued to be optioned with German units.
Kaman Music Corporation
KMD Double Locking Tremolo System
(1988–1994?)
Status: Discontinued
Kaman Music Corporation was a U.S. distributor of multiple musical instrument brands and owner of Ovation and its budget sub-brand, Applause until 2008 when it was acquired by Fender Musical Instruments Corporation. In the early 1980s, Kaman introduced the Celebrity line of solid-body guitars and basses, manufactured by Samick in Korea and positioned between the Applause and Ovation brands. The line was rebranded as the Applause GTX Series in 1988. That same year, Kaman acquired Hamer Guitars.
The Applause GTX Series consisted of entry-level superstrats designed to compete with lower-priced models from B.C. Rich, Kramer, and Jackson. Although built with plywood bodies and budget electronics, they were fitted with Ping Well tuners. As Hamer became Kaman's primary solid-body brand, the GTX range was discontinued in 1994.
GTX superstrats were equipped with the proprietary KMD Double Locking Tremolo System, Kaman's attempt at an unlicensed Floyd Rose-style design. The bridge was stamped "KMD" on the upper baseplate and featured an L-shaped sustain block, horizontal fine tuners, and a string-through-block design with no rear tail section. Aside from the KMD marking, the unit carried no identifying information. Today, it is among the rarest non-genuine Floyd Rose-style tremolos.
Somehow, this tremolo ended up on what appears to be a non-catalog version of the 1988 Aria Pro II XR Series. These guitars have one humbucker and two slanted single coil pickups and a reverse headstock. Left hand models were made, such as this 1988 XR Series and this 1988 XR Series.
Author's comment: 1987 was a transitional time for Aria Pro II. Matsumoku had closed down in February of that year, and production had moved offshore to Samick in Korea, so it is possible that this KMD product was used as a stopgap measure while Jin Ah was tooling up to produce their version of the ACT-3. The body and specs of this XR orphan look like GTX guitars. Samick built both brands. Who knows?
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