Floyd Rose Tremolos for Left-Handed Guitars: Proprietary versions
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The following series is the definitive guide on Floyd Rose tremolos (and variants) with a special (but not exclusive) emphasis on left-handed guitars. It covers genuine, licensed, and proprietary systems, both historical and current. Nowhere else on the internet will you find all this information in the one place.
This series is in five parts:
Part 1: Original and Genuine Floyd Rose (Floyd Rose, Fernandes, Schaller, Sung-il, Ping Well)
Part 2: Licensed Versions (Schaller, Kahler, Gotoh, Takeuchi, Ping Well, Jin Ah)
Part 3: Proprietary Versions (Fernandes, St. Louis Music, Aria Pro II, Jin Ah, Ibanez, Yamaha, ESP, Kahler, Jackson-Charvel, Kaman Music Corporation)
Part 4: The Asian OEM Pool ("Korean Catalog", "Chinese Catalog")
Part 5: No-Names, Fakes, Unknowns, and Never Left-Handed
INTRODUCTION: A “proprietary” tremolo system in this context is a product or range of products that represents a brand’s own redesign or modification of the Original Floyd Rose (OFR) tremolo, developed principally for that brand’s own use. Such products may or may not have required additional licensing requirements under Floyd Rose patents. This differs from officially licensed versions of the Original Floyd Rose, produced by third-party manufacturers, as covered in Part 2.
The distinction between “licensed” and “proprietary” is consistent but not absolute. Some proprietary designs were also released to other brands independently, made broadly available as part of a universal OEM pool, or sold as aftermarket alternatives. Conversely, a licensed Original Floyd Rose variant could incorporate relatively minor brand‑specific refinements without becoming a proprietary system. Some versions may also have the outward appearance of an Original Floyd Rose but incorporate major proprietary modifications that may not be obvious. The classification in Part 3 of this series therefore considers the system's design lineage, the extent and purpose of its brand-specific modifications, and how it was originally positioned and supplied.
As established in Parts 1 and 2, some manufacturers produced genuine Floyd Rose units, licensed versions, and proprietary designs. Accordingly, the same company may appear in multiple parts of this series where relevant.
Fernandes 1981–1985 (Floyd Rose contract period)
Fernandes Co. Ltd. of Japan was the original contracted supplier of genuine Floyd Rose tremolos, including the prototypes and early production models.
As established in Part One, Fernandes was primarily a design, marketing, and distribution company that relied on contracted factories to manufacture its guitars and hardware. From 1969, it marketed Fender-style guitars under the "Fernandes" brand and Gibson-style models under the "Burny" brand. Osaka Fernandes handled wholesale distribution, sales support, and exports from 1972. Fernandes guitars were built by Kawai Musical Instruments at its Shin'ya (新屋) factory in Hamamatsu, with supplementary production by Tokai during the 1970s and by Matsumoku from December 1983 until December 1986. From the end of the 1980s, lower-end production shifted to Korea and Taiwan and by the 1990s Dyna had replaced Kawai as Fernandes’ primary Japanese manufacturing partner. Gotoh was its primary supplier of metal parts and pickups.
Up until 1983, Fernandes’ left-handed guitar policy was a general statement that left-handed guitars were produced, but only as custom orders. Orders were placed through Fernandes Repair Service. The division also facilitated additional custom modifications, including parts and colour changes. In addition, Japanese music stores could independently commission store-initiated spot runs (small runs of usually 6 to 12 instruments) as “shop originals” or “store-exclusives” through FRS, especially during the 1980s and 1990s, including left-handed instruments.
FRT-2 / Head Banker
Years: 1982 - 1987 | Made in: Japan | Status: Discontinued
At the end of 1981, Floyd Rose contracted Fernandes to mass-produce his double-locking tremolo system. Using Japanese factories, Fernandes supplied complete units and parts to Rose in the United States, beginning in 1982. Rose's product appeared in Fernandes' own catalog published in March 1982 as the "Floyd Rose FRT-1" and was fitted to select high-end models in the new "The Function Series" and two models from the "Musician's Limited Series." (See: Part 1: Original and Genuine Floyd Rose.)
Fernandes also developed a variant of the FRT‑1, designated "FRT‑2." Unlike the FRT‑1, it omitted insert blocks and locking saddles, using a string‑through design in which the ball ends lock the strings at the saddles, like a regular Stratocaster bridge. The FRT‑2 also appeared in the March 1982 catalog as a standalone aftermarket product and was not factory-fitted onto production guitars. Like the FRT‑1, it was offered in Gold or Chrome and was marketed only in Japan.
In 1983, the FRT-2 underwent a name change to "Fernandes Tremolo System Head Banker." It was fitted to lower-spec versions of Fernandes models that otherwise came with the new Floyd Rose FRT-3, which superseded the FRT-1.
1984 Left-handed EX-85 with Head Banker_ Fernandes FRT-2 Head Banker (string-through version of Floyd Rose FRT-1) Fernandes FRT-2 Head Banker (string-through version of Floyd Rose FRT-1) Fernandes FRT-2 Head Banker (string-through version of Floyd Rose FRT-1)
Left-handed availability: The Fernandes/Burny catalog for 1983 introduced for the first time an additional column in the Colour Chart table for left-handed availability. The ordering disclaimer on the same page was revised with new options for left-handed guitars, including certain core models from the lineup that were now officially manufactured in periodic batches. These were marked in the table with a ※ symbol. Models that could not be ordered were now marked with a — symbol in their column. Additionally, “Musician’s Limited Series” models did not appear in the chart. The remaining unmarked models could still be special-ordered. All left-handed guitars continued to be 20% higher in price, with a 3 to 4-month wait if out of stock or a custom order.
For 1983, five Burny and two Fernandes models were identified as periodic batch-produced models, however none were Floyd Rose or Head Banker models. Head Banker models eligible for special order were the FST-95, FST-80, FST-75, FST-90H, and EX-95. These were companion versions of models that were otherwise fitted with the Floyd Rose.
1983 Floyd Rose and Fernandes Tremolo Systems 1983 Fernandes left-handed availability 1983 Fernandes FST-95 with Head Banker FRT-2 1983 Fernandes FST-80, FST-75 with Head Banker FRT-2 1983 Fernandes FST-90H with Head Banker FRT-2 1983 Fernandes EX-95 with Head Banker FRT-2
1984 Left-handed availability: The policy and categories for left-handed ordering established in 1983 continued unchanged in 1984. The 1984 catalog listed 10 models between the two brands as batch-produced models, with the FST-65 the only Head Banker option. 13 models from the lineup were marked as not orderable, including one Head Banker model: the FST-95. Head Banker models that could be special-ordered were the EX-85 and BSV-70. Surviving examples include this EX-85 and this EX-85.
1984 Floyd Rose and Fernandes Tremolo systems 1984 Fernandes and Burny model ranges with left-handed availability noted 1984 FST-65 with Head Banker FRT-2 Head Banker description 1984 1984 BSV-70 with Head Banker FRT-2 1984 EX-85 with Head Banker FRT-2
1985 Left-handed availability: The 1985 catalog further modified the left-handed ordering system by expanding the order categories. Models in the table marked with a ● symbol were the batch-produced models; models marked with a ▲ symbol were available as special orders; and models marked with an × symbol were not orderable. Unmarked models could still be special-ordered, subject to factory acceptance. Left-handed guitars continued to be 20% more expensive than their right-handed equivalents, with a 3 to 4-month wait if out of stock or for a custom order. The BSV-60 Flying V was the only Head Banker FRT-2 model from the 1985 lineup, offered as a batch-produced model.
Head Crasher FRT-6
Years: 1985–1989 | Made in: Japan | Status: Discontinued
In 1985, Fernandes introduced its second in-house design: the Head Crasher FRT-6. It was available only in Japan and first appeared in Volume 1 of the 1985 Fernandes catalog, published in January, alongside the Japanese-made FRT-2, FRT-3, and new FRT-7, and the imported German-made Floyd Rose FRT-5.
The Head Crasher FRT‑6 was a single‑locking version of the Floyd Rose FRT‑7. As covered in Part 1 of this series, the FRT‑7 was the Japanese‑made version of the finalized angled‑tail, fine‑tuner Floyd Rose design produced by Hansen Metalworks in the United States in early 1983 (see Part 1: Original and Genuine Floyd Rose)
Unlike a standard double-locking Floyd Rose, the Head Crasher FRT-6 does not require the ball ends of the strings to be removed. Instead of saddle clamp blocks and locking screws, each saddle is fitted at the rear with a hollow, screw-in tube. The string is inserted through the tube from behind, passes forward over the saddle, and its ball end seats against the flared rear end of the tube. The tube is slotted for a flat-head screwdriver, allowing it to be screwed into or removed from the saddle assembly. The front portion of each saddle is stepped in design. The unit uses the same baseplate and sustain block as the Floyd Rose FRT‑7, with “Head Crasher” etched into the upper section of the baseplate. Coincidentally, the Head Crasher is the same single-locking concept that became the Schaller Floyd Rose II nearly two years after the Rose/Fernandes partnership ended.
1985 Fernandes catalog featuring Japanese FRT-7, FRT-6 and FRT-2 1985 Fernandes catalog featuring German FRT-5 and Japanese FRT-3
The Head Crasher FRT‑6 was fitted to the 1985 Fernandes FST‑65, FST‑135, and FST‑125 superstrats from the “The Function” series, the BSV‑70 Flying V, and the BX‑70 Explorer from the “Heavy Metal Version” series. It also appeared on the top‑of‑the‑line Burny RSC-100 Les Paul replica.
Aside from Fernandes, it was also used by ESP on their Japan-only Kramer Japan JK Series introduced in 1985 and by Kawai on some of their own Rockoon guitars in the same year.
Left handed Head Crasher FRT-6 Left handed Head Crasher FRT-6 Left handed Head Crasher FRT-6 Left handed Head Crasher FRT-6 Left handed Head Crasher FRT-6 1985 left handed FST-65 with Head Crasher FRT-6 tremolo 1985 left handed BSV-70 with Head Crasher FRT-6 tremolo 1985 left handed FST-65 with Head Crasher FRT-6 tremolo
Left‑handed Fernandes guitars fitted with the Head Crasher FRT‑6 in 1985 were the FST‑65 (as a production model) and the BSV‑70 (by special order). Surviving examples include this Candy Apple Red FST-65 (serial L021906), this white FST-65 (serial L026612), this white BSV-70 (serial L030337), this red FST-65 (serial L023523), this red FST-65, this white BSV-70, and this white FST-65.
1985 Fernandes and Burny model ranges with left-handed availability noted 1985 Fernandes FST-65 (Head Crasher FRT-6) 1985 left-handed Fernandes FST-65 1985 Fernandes BSV-70 with Head Crasher FRT-6 and BSV-60 with Head Banker FRT-2
Fernandes "Head Crasher Tremolo System" 1986–1987
The contract with Floyd Rose ended sometime in 1985. Fernandes subsequently dropped the imported German Original Floyd Rose and its own domestically produced non-fine tuner Floyd Rose FRT-3 and rebranded its own tremolo range as the “Head Crasher Tremolo System.” A new lineup debuted in the 1986 Fernandes catalog, published in January.
1986 also saw the catalog debut of the new “Revolver” (FR) series, Fernandes’ answer to Ibanez and Jackson superstrats. The series had been previewed in the May 1985 “新製品ニュース” (New Product News) house newsletter, which showcased the unique headstock and “Dinky”-style body shape on the short-scale, 22-fret FR-55. Revolver models came standard with Head Crasher tremolos, Gotoh tuners, and, on many models, pickguards.
New Head Crasher FRT-9 and Head Crasher FRT-7
Years: 1986–1987 | Made in: Japan | Status: Discontinued
In 1986, Fernandes introduced a system incorporating a plate that mounted into the bridge recess of the guitar, into which the tremolo fitted. When the tremolo arm was moved approximately 90° from its normal playing position, a cam linked to the arm was caught by the cam holder, locking the bridge and effectively turning it from a floating bridge into a fixed bridge temporarily. Fernandes called this the “FRT Arm‑Lock System.” The Head Crasher FRT-6 with this system became the new Head Crasher FRT-9, and the Floyd Rose FRT-7 with this system became the new Head Crasher FRT-7. The new FRT-7 also gained saddle height adjustability, and its upper knife edge was changed to a straight edge. The Head Crasher FRT-6 otherwise remained unchanged. All three models had "Head Crasher" engraved on their upper baseplates. The new FRT-7 additionally had "U.S. Pats 4497236" engraved on a second line.
1986 Fernandes Head Crasher Tremolo System 1986 Fernandes Head Crasher Tremolo System
The new Head Crasher FRT‑7 was featured on the highest‑spec models in the “Revolver”, “The Function”, and “Heavy Metal Version” series, and on two models from the “Musician’s Version” series.
The new Head Crasher FRT‑9 was featured on a single model in the “Revolver” series; three models in the “Heavy Metal Version” series; and all models in the “Grand Function” series.
The Head Crasher FRT‑6 was fitted to the FST‑65 from the Revolver series, the new STJ‑75 Jackson Dinky replica from the "The Limited" series, and one model from the "Musician's Version" series. It again featured on the RSC-100, as the sole Burny model.
The Head Banker FRT‑2 made its final catalog appearance on the ST‑80BG Brad Gillis signature model from the “Musician’s Version” series.
Body Crasher FRT-8
Years: 1986–1989 | Made in: Japan | Status: Discontinued
Also new for 1986 was the Body Crasher FRT-8 tremolo. Unlike the Head Banker FRT‑2 and Head Crasher FRT‑6, the Body Crasher FRT‑8 was sourced from an OEM rather than being an in‑house design. It appears Fernandes was not the first to use it.
The Body Crasher is not like any original Floyd Rose system. It is a very simplistic string-through tremolo with fine tuners that screw vertically on six individually pivoting arms through which each of the strings feed through horizontally and are seated there without having to cut the ball ends off. String tension holds the arms down and the vertical fine tuners work by raising or lowering the arms on its hinges when you turn them. On this tremolo the tremolo bar screws into the block. It had "Body Crasher" engraved on the baseplate. There are no Floyd Rose acknowledgements on it.
The Body Crasher featured on the FR-55 from the new “Revolver” series, and the BSV-60 (Flying V) and BX-60 (Explorer) models from the “Heavy Metal Version” series.
Left handed Body Crasher Left handed FRT-8 BODY CRASHER Body Crasher FRT-8 (lefty)
Other users included:
Fresher. This little-known Japanese entry-level guitar brand, marketed by Kyowa Shokai, and whose last year of production was 1985, may have been the first brand to feature the Body Crasher. It appears in the 1985 Fresher catalog as the "Sound Crasher." It was used on the Fresher FS-450-HH Strat. Fresher guitars were built by Chushin Gakki. Fresher did make left-handed guitars, but not this model.
1985 Fresher catalog — “Sound Crasher” on FS-450-HH 1985 Fresher FS-450-HH with Sound Crasher 1985 Fresher FS-450-HH with Sound Crasher 1985 Fresher FS-450-HH with Sound Crasher
Kawai. In addition to manufacturing Fernandes guitars, Kawai produced its own line of guitars under the Rockoon brand. Its RG-50S and RG-50H superstrat models from 1985 used the Body Crasher tremolo, pre-dating Fernandes by a year. The Kawai version has "Rockoon" engraved on the baseplate and was referred to in catalogs as the “Rockoon Roller.” These two RG models, along with the 1989 Rockoon TG-60, continued to be built with this vibrato unit until at least 1990.
Kawai Rockoon Roller Kawai Rockoon Roller — “Rockoon” stamped on baseplate 1989 Kawai catalog featuring Rockoon Roller models 1990 Kawai catalog featuring Rockoon Roller models
Aria Pro II. In Aria Pro II catalogs the Body Crasher is referred to as the "FT-1 Fine Tuning Locking Tremolo" and was engraved with "Aria Pro II ART-2" on the baseplate. It was used on the 1986-1987 Mega Metal Series Stage III, built by Matsumoku. Here is a surviving left-handed Mega Metal Stage III. After Matsumoku’s closure in 1987, the FT-1/ART-2 continued to be used on some Aria Pro II XR Series guitars built subsequently in Korea, such as this left-handed 1988 XR Series. Aria Pro II discontinued it after 1988 but re-used the ART-2 name for its OEM-version of the Gotoh GE1988T adopted in 1989.
1987 Aria Pro II Mega Metal Series — FT-1/ART-2 tremolo 1986 left-handed Aria Pro II Mega Metal Stage III with FT-1/ART-2 1986 left-handed Aria Pro II Mega Metal Stage III with FT-1/ART-2 1988 left-handed Aria Pro II XR with FT-1/ART-2
Yamaha. The RGX220, RGX211, and SE211 from Yamaha’s 1987 lineup came with the Body Crasher. Internally, it was referred to as the "RMX" tremolo. These guitars were made at Yamaha's Kaohsiung factory in Taiwan and were not available left-handed.
Yamaha RMX tremolo (Fernandes Body Crasher) 1987 Yamaha RGX220 with RMX tremolo 1987 Yamaha RGX211 with RMX tremolo 1987 Yamaha SE211 with RMX tremolo
1986 Left-handed availability: The 1986 catalog reduced left-handed options to only two categories: batch-produced models and special orders. The LH column in the Colour Chart table retained the ● ▲ symbology adopted in 1985. Batch‑produced models with Head Crasher tremolos were the FST-65 with Head Crasher FRT-6; and the FR-55, BSV-60 (Flying V), and BX-60 (Explorer) with Body Crasher FRT-8. There were no marked Head Crasher models for special order. Outside of these, several basic Stratocaster and Les Paul replica models were orderable.
Surviving left-handed examples from 1986 include this white FR-55 (serial L034014), this white FR-55 (serial L034480), and this 1985-spec black FST-65 (serial L048094.) This non-catalog FST-bodied lefty (serial L032712) dates to 1986 and doesn't match up with any catalog model but has a Head Crasher FRT-6.
1986 Fernandes model range — left-handed availability 1986 Fernandes FR-55 — left-handed batch-production model with Body Crasher FRT-8 1986 Fernandes FST-65 — left-handed batch-production model with Head Crasher FRT-6 1986 left-handed FST-65 - surviving example 1986 Fernandes BSV-60 and BSV-70 — left-handed availability 1986 Fernandes BX-60 — left-handed batch-production model with Body Crasher FRT-8
Fernandes "FRT Tremolo System" 1987–1997
From 1987, the entire range of Fernandes tremolos was renamed FRT Tremolo System. At this time, Fernandes had distanced itself from its Floyd Rose origins and was well into further developing its own unique, proprietary tremolos. The new range was featured in Volume 1 of the 1987 Fernandes catalog.
With Matsumoku closing its doors at the beginning of 1987, Fernandes transferred Matsumoku's share of Burny production to Dyna Gakki. Otherwise, Fernandes guitars continued to be manufactured primarily by Kawai (L serials for stock models and F serials for shop exclusives.)
In 1987, the “Revolver” series saw the introduction of the new FR-65. This 24‑fret guitar came with a humbucker in the bridge and a slanted single-coil in the neck, with a 3-way selector, single volume control, and a 2-point mini-switch that, when activated, disengaged the volume pot, allowing the signal to go from the pickups straight to the output jack. Also new for 1987 was a single pickup version of the FR-55, marketed as the FR-50, with chrome Body Crasher tremolo and optional maple fingerboard.
Head Crasher FRT-4 and Head Crasher FRT-5
Years: 1987–1988 | Made in: Japan | Status: Discontinued
In 1987, Fernandes' original Floyd Rose FRT-7 was reintroduced and updated with the stepped front saddle blocks from the Head Crasher FRT-6. This became the new Head Crasher FRT-4. The Head Crasher FRT-7 minus the bridge-locking mechanism became the new Head Crasher FRT-5. The Head Crasher FRT-7 continued as the bridge-locking version. All three shared the same baseplate introduced the year before with the straight upper knife edge and with "Head Crasher" and "U.S. Pats 4497236" engraved on the upper face. The Head Crasher FRT-6 and Body Crasher FRT-8 remained unchanged. The bridge-locking version of the Head Crasher FRT-6 continued to be marketed as the Head Crasher FRT-9. Per the 1987 catalog, the Head Crasher-equipped lineup consisted of:
Head Crasher FRT‑7: exclusive to the flagship FR‑120 in the “Revolver” series.
Head Crasher FRT-5: used on the new STJ-120 Jackson Dinky replica and the highest-spec Randy Rhoads V from the “New Metal Version” series, the FST-80 from the “The Function” series, the two flagship models in the “Grand Function” series, and two Artist's models from the “Musician's Versions” series also featured the new FRT-5.
Head Crasher FRT-4: used on the new FR-65 and FST-65 superstrats in the Revolver series; two new Jackson Dinky replicas, the Flying V and Explorer models from the “New Metal Version” series; and an Artist's model from the “Musician's Versions” series.
Head Crasher FRT-9: exclusive to the FR-75 in the “Revolver” series.
Head Crasher FRT-6: used on two Jackson Dinky replicas from the “New Metal Version” series, and three Artist's models from the “Musician's Versions” series.
Body Crasher FRT-8: used on the FR-55 and the new FR-50 in the “Revolver” series.
1987 & 1988 Fernandes catalogue 1987 & 1988 Fernandes catalogue 1987 & 1988 Fernandes catalogue 1987 & 1988 Fernandes catalogue
The 1987 “The Function” FST and “Revolver” FR ranges were carried over unchanged into Volume 1 of the 1988 catalog, published in December 1987. The ordering disclaimer and list of left-handed models also remained the same.
1987 (and early 1988) left-handed availability: As per page 71 of the 1987 catalog, specifically marked models from the full lineup remained available through periodic batch runs, but unmarked items were no longer accepted for left-handed orders. A total of seven guitars were listed, with no bass guitars or Burny models included. Those with FRT tremolo systems were only the FST-65, FR-65, and FR-55.
Surviving examples include this black, one-off, custom left‑handed FR‑55 (serial L117257), a 1987 Kawai-built instrument fitted with the 24‑fret neck of the FR-65, direct‑mounted HSH pickups and matching pickguard, coil‑tap switching, and two mono output jacks, one of which is a “boat‑style” jack. The modifications are consistent with the customization services available through Fernandes Repair Service, although it is not possible to establish whether they were carried out before or after the original sale.
1987 left-handed guitar availability 1987 FST-65 available left-handed 1987 FR-65 available left-handed 1987 FR-55 available left-handed
Redesigned FRT-7, FRT-5, and FRT-4
Years: 1988–1989, 1988–1989, 1988–1996 | Made in: Korea | Status: Discontinued
In early 1988, the FRT-7 (with bridge lock), FRT-5 (with saddle height adjustability), and FRT-4 (without saddle height adjustability), were redesigned to have horizontal fine tuners. The string lock bolts include screws that push against the forks on the tension plate to adjust string tension. All three used the same baseplate with "FERNANDES" printed in white lettering across the tail and "FRT TREMOLO SYSTEM" embossed on the upper base. Both knife edges reverted to being rounded again. The block often had a "Made in Korea" sticker. The FRT-6 and Body Crasher FRT-8 remained unchanged, and the bridge-locking FRT-9 was dropped. The new FRT range was introduced in Volume 2 of the 1988 Fernandes/Burny catalog, published in March 1988.
1988 Fernandes FRT Tremolo System 1988 Fernandes FRT Tremolo System 1988 Fernandes FRT Tremolo System 1988 Fernandes FRT Tremolo System
Volume 2 introduced new models in the “Revolver” series: the FR-55T, a 24‑fret version of the FR-55 with a coil tap on the bridge pickup and no pickguard; the FR-50, a fixed-bridge superstrat with two single-coil pickups and mini switches allowing for several coil tap options, and entirely unrelated to the FR-50 model from the previous year; and the FR-65MIDI, which turned the FR-65 into a dedicated guitar controller featuring a permanently mounted pickup and output jack specifically for the PITCHRIDER 7000 MARK II MIDI system.
The new bridge‑locking FRT‑7 with horizontal fine tuners was featured only on the top-of-the-line FR‑120 superstrat.
The new FRT‑5 with horizontal fine tuners retained its saddle height adjustability and was featured on the top-of-the-line models in the "Grand Function", “The Function”, and "New Metal Version" series.
The new FRT-4 tremolo with horizontal fine tuners featured on higher-end models in the "Revolver" and “The Function” series, and on the Flying V, Explorer and Dinky models in the "New Metal Version" series.
The Head Crasher FRT‑6 featured on the new 1988 TEJ-85 Telecaster, and again on the Burny RSC-100 Les Paul.
The Body Crasher FRT-8 continued to be used on the regular FR-55, and the new FR-50 and FR-55T superstrats in the “Revolver” series.
(Late) 1988 left-handed availability: The left-handed availability list in Volume 2 of the 1988 catalog was expanded to 11 guitars, including two basses, but no Burny models. Of these, the FRT‑equipped models were the FST‑65, FR‑65, FR‑55, and the new FR‑55T. A surviving example is this black FR-55 (serial L121153.) This left-handed black FR-65 (serial L134805) was built using the body of the 1988 FR-85 (compare images below.)
LH availability 1988 (Vol. 2) 1988 (Vol 2) FST-65 available left-handed 1988 (Vol 2) FR-65 available left handed 1988 lefty FR-65 with FR-85 body. FRT-4 with horizontal fine tuners 1988 FR-55 available left handed 1988 FR-55T available left handed
1989 (early) Lineup
Volume 1 of the 1989 catalog, published in January, introduced new models in the “Revolver” and “The Function” series. New to the “Revolver” series was the FR-55X, an HSH version of the FR-55T. Its pickup switching system automatically tapped the humbuckers in positions 2 and 4 of the 5-way switch. It was also equipped with the Body Crasher FRT-8. New “The Function” series models were the FST-85 with the FRT-5 and the FST-55 with the Body Crasher FRT-8.
1989 (early) left-handed availability: A total of 11 models were listed in the January catalog as available left-handed, with the number of FRT-equipped models expanded from the year before to include the FST-65, FST-55, FR-65, FR-55, FR-55T, and the new FR-55X. Surviving examples include this white FR-55T (serial L166471) and this white FR-55T (serial L179737.)
1989 Fernandes FRT Tremolo System 1989 FST-65 available left handed 1989 FST-55 available left handed 1989 FR-65 available left-handed 1989 FR-55 available left-handed 1989 FR-55X available left handed 1989 FR-55T available left handed 1989 Fernandes lefty FR-55T Left-Handed 1989 Left-handed FR-55T
1989 (late) Lineup
Volume 2 of the 1989 catalog was released in October and featured changes and new models in the “Revolver” series. Among the changes, the FR-55 went from 22‑frets to 24‑frets, in effect replacing the FR-55T, which was discontinued. It gained a coil-tap and lost its pickguard. The new FR-50 took the place of the original FR-55 as the 22‑fret HSS version, and the new FR-50X replaced the FR-55X as the 24‑fret HSH version. The FR-65X was introduced alongside the FR-65, marketed as "a custom version with a 'harder' concept." However, in reality, it was really just the FR-65 without the Direct Switch. The standard FR-65 also lost its Direct Switch and went from HS to HSS. The “New Metal Version” series was discontinued as its own series, and its high-spec Dinky and Randy Rhoads V models joined other models to became part of the “Special Edisson” [sic] series.
Updated FRT-8
Years: Late 1989–1997 | Made in: Korea | Status: Discontinued
Volume 2 of the 1989 catalog also featured a revised version of the Body Crasher FRT-8, this time a product exclusive to Fernandes. Visually, there was a change to the shape of the baseplate and saddles, but it's functionality and method of stringing was identical. The "Body Crasher” name was no longer used, and its baseplate was instead marked "FRT TREMOLO SYSTEM” to align with the rest of the FRT range. The new FRT-8 was also made in Korea. It continued as the standard bridge on the FR-55, FST-55, and their variants.
New 1989 FRT-8 tremolo 1990+ Left handed FRT-8 Body Crasher 1990+ FRT8 Body Crasher Revised Fernandes FRT-8
Here is an excellent video from YouTube user WatchWatchBoi showing a close up and detailed explanation of a left-handed, second-generation FRT-8:
The FRT-4 was standard across the highest-spec models in “The Function”, “Revolver”, “TEJ”, and “Special Edisson” series. It also featured on the double-neck Telecaster body model in the “Pro Model" series, and on one Artist's model in the “Musician's Licence Model" series. Three Burny models also featured the FRT-4.
The revised FRT-8 was used on the FST-50 and FST-55 in “The Function” series, and the FR-55 and new FR-50 and FR-50X in the “Revolver” series.
Although not featured on any models in either of the 1989 catalogs, the FRT-5, FRT-6 and FRT-7 were still advertised as part of the FRT Tremolo System.
1989 marked the end of Kawai's OEM work for Fernandes. Thereafter, Dyna Gakki became the primary OEM for Japanese production, with export and entry‑level models (e.g. ST‑40, SSH‑38, SSH‑40) increasingly produced in Taiwan and Korea.
(Late) 1989 and 1990 left-handed availability: In Volume 2 of the 1989 catalog, the number of left-handed models was reduced to eight. Of those with FRT Tremolo Systems, only the FR-50X and the FR-50 were offered. This continued through to October 1990, upon publication of Volume 1 of the 1991 catalog.
Left handed availability late 1989 -1990 Fernandes left-handed policy 1989-1990 1989/1990 FR-50 available left-handed 1989/1990 FR-50X available left-handed
1991 Lineup
The October 1990 catalog introduced the new “Revolver Sustainiac FRS” series to the 1991 lineup, featuring the Sustainiac system by Maniac Music in the USA. This onboard, battery-powered system enabled the guitar to produce “infinite sustain” by using electromagnetic force from a dedicated driver installed in the front pickup position to continuously vibrate the strings, creating a feedback effect that was otherwise only obtainable by playing at high volumes. The FRS series did not include left-handed versions.
The FRT-4 was featured on seven models in the “Revolver” series for 1991 including one Sustainiac model; one model in the new “Revolver Evolution” series; two models from the “The Function” series; four models from the “Special Edition” series; and one Artist's model from the “Musician's Licence Model” series.
As in previous years, the FRT-8 was exclusive to the FST-55 and FR-55.
1991 left-handed availability: In 1991, the LH column was deleted from the Colour Chart table, and the list of produced left-handed models was incorporated into a new disclaimer:
■ サウスポーギターについて
下記の機種については、左用の生産をしております。ただし、常時生産しておりませんので、機種によっては在庫のない場合があります。その場合、目安として約3ヶ月〜4ヶ月の納期が必要となります。定価は、本体定価の20％アップです。 | ■ Regarding Left-Handed Guitars
We produce left-handed versions only for the models listed below. However, they are not produced continuously, so some models may not be in stock. In that case, an estimated delivery time of approximately three to four months is required. The list price is 20% higher than the instrument’s regular list price. |
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As always, Japanese guitar stores were still at liberty to commission their own ad hoc runs of “Limited Edition” store exclusives or shop originals through FRS, including left-handed guitars.
For 1991, six guitars and one bass, were listed as available left-handed, with the FR-65 and FR-55 the only FRT-equipped models. Evidence of store-exclusive models not otherwise on the list includes this Metallic Purple 1991 left-handed FST-55, along with a second, confirmed non-identical 1991 left-handed FST-55 in the same finish. Given their uniqueness, the two guitars are likely to have been from the same run. This one-of-a-kind left-handed 1991 STJ-80BT with FRT-5 tremolo (serial L186116) is an example of a custom-specified version, likely ordered through Fernandes Repair Service under its documented 「購入後及び購入前に木工加工を要するパーツ変更」 (“Parts changes requiring woodworking, before or after purchase”) individual custom-order provision. It also has a higher-spec neck and carries an L-serial despite being a Dyna build.
1991 Fernandes FRT Tremolo System 1991 FR-65 available left handed 1991 FR-55 available left handed 1991 left-handed ordering policy and left-handed "set list"
1992 Lineup
In 1992, Fernandes launched its proprietary FER Sustainer system, replacing the U.S-made Sustainiac unit. Whereas the U.S. Sustainiac had three modes (Fundamental, Harmonic, and Mix Mode), the new Fernandes version had two modes (Standard, and Harmonic.) This would change later. Alas, lefties would be denied this hugely popular technology for the next decade.
1992 left-handed availability: In 1992, the left-handed set list was reduced to five guitars and one bass, with the FR-65 and FR-55 again being the only FRT-equipped models offered. (Note: For 1992, the Hisashi Imai BT-480MM Artist model was separately listed in the catalog as available left-handed, priced the same as the right-handed model, despite appearing the year before as right-handed only.)
At some stage in its life, this black 1992 left-handed FR-55 was re-routed for a humbucker which was direct-mounted rather than fitted in a pickup ring to match the bridge pickup. It appears to be a D.I.Y job, not a factory install.
1992 Fernandes FRT Tremolo System 1992 FR-65 available left-handed 1992 FR-55 available left-handed 1992 left-handed available "set list"
1993 Lineup
The 1993 catalog again featured the FRT-4 on select “Revolver” series models, the usual “Special Edition” models (minus the discontinued Randy Rhoads V), and the Burny V-120S Flying V. The FRT-8 remained exclusive to the FST-55 and FR-55, as well as the new FR-60M, basically an FR-65 with a maple neck and fingerboard.
This year also marked a cleanup of the marketing materials, as Fernandes finally stopped advertising the FRT-5, FRT-6, and FRT-7. After 1993, the number of models in “The Function” series was scaled back, leaving the FST-55 as the sole remaining FRT-equipped model in that series.
1993 left-handed availability: The 1993 catalog left-handed set list was a repeat of 1992, with five in total, and again only the FR-65 and FR-55 as the FRT-equipped choices. Surviving examples from 1993 include this Metallic Black FR-65, this Metallic Violet FR-55, and this Metallic Violet FR-55. (Note. The Hisashi Imai BT-480MM was not listed as available left-handed in 1993.)
1993 FRT Tremolo System 1993 left-handed ordering policy and "set list" of left-handed models 1993 FR-65 available left-handed 1993 Fernandes FR-65 1993 FR-55 available left-handed 1993 Fernandes left handed FR-55L 1991-1994 Left handed FR-55L with Body Crasher FRT-8 tremolo 1993 Fernandes lefty FR-55
Takeuchi TRS-PRO (Fernandes FRT5-PRO)
Years: 1994–2004 | Made in: Japan | Status: Discontinued
In 1994, Fernandes adopted the Takeuchi TRS-PRO low-profile licensed tremolo, thus bringing the total number of FRT systems in use back up to three. The unit was designated FRT5-PRO for Fernandes. Its baseplate was engraved with "FRT Tremolo System" with "FRT5-PRO-TRS" on a second line. It retained the "Licensed Under Floyd Rose Pats." statement of the TRS-PRO. With the exception of the FR-55, it was standard for the entire “Revolver” series and all but one "The Function" series model. The FRT-4 featured only on the 1994+ Burny H-85S "Killer Whale," and several Artist's models in the "Musician's Models" series. Also, the FRT-8 was rebranded as the "FRT-8PRO", marking its first and final appearance on the FR-55.
1995 FR-55 with FRT5-TRS-PRO (Takeuchi TRS-PRO) Fernandes FRT5-PRO-TRS aka Takeuchi TRS-PRO Fernandes FRT5-PRO-TRS aka Takeuchi TRS-PRO Fernandes left-handed FRT5-PRO-TRS
1994 left-handed availability: The left-handed lineup remained unchanged for 1994 with only the FR-65 and FR-55 as the only listed FRT-equipped models. The FR-55 was offered in three additional colours for 1994, while the FR-65 gained two new colours along with gold hardware. Here is an unlisted, one-off, custom-ordered left-handed 1994 FR-95S with the Fernandes FER Sustainer system.
1994 Fernandes catalog featuring FRT Tremolo System 1994 Fernandes FR-65 available left-handed 1994 Fernandes FR-55 available left-handed 1994 left-handed guitar policy and "set list" of left-handed models
In 1995, Fernandes introduced the TGR-1 Tone Generator, an active onboard circuit powered by a 9V battery. Activated via a push-pull dummy tone knob, the TGR-1 provided a specialized mid-range boost that replicated a half-open wah-wah pedal. Pulling the knob engaged the effect. Rotating the knob sweeps the frequency to produce the wah effect. The TGR-1 was exclusive to the 1995 FR-65 and FR-55.
1995 left-handed availability: Volume 1 (February) and Volume 2 (August) of the 1995 catalogs saw no changes to the left-handed list, with the FR-65 and FR-55 again the only FRT-equipped models, both with the FRT5-TRS-PRO. The FR-55 gained three new colours but also lost two. The FR-65 colour range was completely replaced with four new colours. Left-handed examples include this black FR-55 and this immaculate (deadstock) Turquoise Metallic FR-55.
Fernandes FRT Tremolo System 1995 1995 FR-65 - available left-handed 1995 FR-55 - available left-handed 1995 left-handed guitar policy and "set list" of left-handed models 1995 left handed Fernandes FR-55L 1995 Fernandes TGR-1 Tone Generator 1995 left handed Fernandes FR-55L 1995 left handed Fernandes FR-55L
The FRT-4 tremolo was discontinued in 1996, leaving the FRT5-PRO-TRS and FRT8-PRO as the only FRT Tremolo systems for Fernandes and Burny guitars. The long running "The Function" series was also discontinued. Additionally, 1996 marked the final year for the TGR-1 Tone Generator on the FR-55 and FR-65. The FR-55 colour range remained the same for 1996, but the FR-65 colour range was reduced to three, each with a "quilted maple" photo finish.
1996 left-handed availability: The FR-55 and FR-65 continued to be the only listed production left-handed FRT models in 1996. Here is a Turquoise Metallic 1996 left-handed FR-55 with TGR-1 Tone Generator.
Fernandes FRT Tremolo System 1996 1996 FR-65 available for left-handed ordering 1996 FR-55 available left handed 1996 left-handed guitar policy and "set list" of left-handed models
Post–1997: End of proprietary systems
Gotoh GE1996T (Fernandes FRT-10)
Years: 1997–2024 | Made in: Japan | Status: Current
From 1997, Fernandes dropped all proprietary tremolo bridges from its FRT Tremolo System and adopted the Gotoh GE1996T as the premium tremolo for higher‑end models, while retaining the Takeuchi‑made FRT5‑PRO‑TRS for mid‑level guitars. (The GE1996T is covered in Part 2 of this series.) In Fernandes’ naming convention, the GE1996T was designated FRT‑10 and had “FERNANDES” engraved on its baseplate. No production left‑handed Fernandes guitars were ever fitted with the FRT‑10.
Also in 1997, Fernandes began offering the Schaller‑licensed Floyd Rose tremolo on its USA range and on some Japanese Sustainer‑equipped guitars. It was designated SFRT‑II.
Left-handed availability 1997: The 1997 catalog listed six left-handed models, but this time the long-running FR-65 was dropped from the list, leaving the FR-55 as the only remaining FRT-equipped option. 1997 also marked the first availability of the FR-55 with a “quilted maple” photographic top in Sapphire Blue, Vermilion Red, or Royal Blue bursts, with chrome hardware. The FR-55 continued to be made in Japan. Surviving left-handed examples include this Sapphire Blue 1997-1999 FR-55 and this 1997-1999 FR-55, also Sapphire Blue.
Left-handed availability 1998: Left-handed availability of FRT-equipped models continued to be limited to just the FR-55 in 1998. For that year the FR-55 received two additional solid colour finishes.
Left-handed availability 1999: For 1999, six guitars were again listed in the catalog as available left-handed, with the FR-55 again the sole FRT-equipped model. The specifications and colour range remained unchanged from the previous year. 1999 was also the final year of Japanese production for the standard “Revolver” series, with only high‑end models remaining in Japan thereafter.
1997 FRT Tremolo System 1997 Left-handed availability list 1997 FR-55 available left-handed 1998 FRT Tremolo System 1998 Left-handed availability list 1998 FR-55 available left-handed 1999 left-handed availability list 1999 FR-55 available left-handed 1997-1999 FR-55
Ping Well PT 505 (Fernandes FRT-11)
Years: 2000–2015 | Made in: Taiwan | Status: Discontinued
From 2000, Fernandes added a third tremolo bridge option to its FRT range: the Gotoh GE1996T clone made in Taiwan by Ping Well Industrial Co. Ltd. It is Ping Well product code PT 505 and was not exclusive to Fernandes. (See Part 2 of this series.)
This unit was designated “FRT‑11” for Fernandes and was optioned on mid‑level guitars, including the mainstay FR‑55. It is easily distinguishable from the FRT‑10 by its squarer saddles. It has “FERNANDES Guitars” laser‑etched on its baseplate (the FRT‑10 omits the word “Guitars”) and “LICENSED UNDER FLOYD ROSE PATENTS” laser‑etched on its tail. Despite being factory‑standard on numerous 2000 models, the FRT‑11 was notably omitted from the FRT Tremolo System product page in Volume 1 of the 2000 catalog, despite being published in April.
Ping Well PT 505, OEM supplied to Fernandes as FRT-11 Ping Well PT 505, OEM supplied to Fernandes Ping Well PT 505, OEM supplied to Fernandes Ping Well PT 505, OEM supplied to Fernandes
2000 left-handed availability: For 2000, the FR-55 was again the only FRT-equipped guitar on the left-handed set list. It featured the new FRT-11 and was manufactured in Taiwan. Finishes reverted to four solid colours. The model was discontinued from the lineup after 2000 as part of a major refresh of the “Revolver” series and ramping up of Chinese production.
2000 Fernandes FRT Tremolo System (no mention of FRT-11) 2000 left-handed ordering policy and "set list" of left-handed models (April 2000) 2000 FR-55 with FRT-11 tremolo Fernandes Custom Order System 2000
Fernandes Custom Order System
Also in 2000, Fernandes introduced a new dealer-driven Custom Order System for custom-built instruments. The ordering process required customers to submit an order sheet through an authorized music store for a feasibility review. All models listed in the catalog were eligible, with the exception of Artist/Musician models. Requests were evaluated case-by-case at Fernandes' discretion. Approved builds, whether right- or left-handed, carried a standard 4 to 6-month lead time.
The longstanding colour and parts change services available through Fernandes Repair Service remained, and major retail chains could still independently initiate their own store-exclusive "Limited Edition" runs. The new Custom Order System relied on Fernandes' growing offshore OEM partnerships to secure the production leverage needed for small-batch and one-off builds that domestic factories previously resisted. The confirmed existence of left-handed Fernandes and Burny models from this period proves that Fernandes did accept left-handed orders through this system.
2001 left-handed availability: In 2001, Fernandes introduced the FR-48 and FR-55S to replace the long running FR-55, both made in Taiwan. The FR-48 was essentially the FR-55 with a "quilted maple" photo finish, and the FR-55S was the FR-55 with Sustainer.
Volume 1 of the 2001 Fernandes/Burny catalog, published in February, included six left‑handed production models including the new FR-48. Examples include this Ice Blue Sunburst FR-48 and this See-Through Black FR-48. The FR-48 was available for only eight months before being dropped from the left-handed list in Volume 2, published in October. The FR-48 was the last catalogued left-handed guitar sold in Japan with an FRT Tremolo System.
2001 LH availability (February 2001) 2001 FR-48 (replacing FR-55) 2001 Left-handed Fernandes FR-48 (Ice Blue Sunburst) 2001 Fernandes left-handed FR-48
Examples of FRT-11-equipped left-handed guitars that were otherwise built through the new Custom Order System in 2001 include this Blue Metallic Burst FR-55S, this High-Grade Black FGZ-550S, this High-Grade Black FGZ-550S, and this 2001 (or possibly 2002) High-Grade Black FGZ-550S.
2001 Fernandes FRT Tremolo System 2001 LH availability (Vol 2) Fernandes Custom Order System (2001) 2001 Fernandes FR-55S (not listed in catalog as available left-handed) 2001 Custom ordered FR-55S 2001 FGZ-550S (not listed in catalog as available left handed) 2001 FGZ-550S 2001 FGZ-550S
Fernandes had increasingly used the Taiwanese company Yako Musical Instruments Co. for export-market and domestic entry-level production since the late 1980s. By 2002, Yako was producing the majority of Fernandes and Burny guitars for all markets using factories in China. Fernandes' U.S. operation was supplied entirely from China. Yako-built Fernandes and Burny guitars have serial numbers printed on the back of their headstocks with an "FG" prefix.
Left-handed availability 2002–2004: In 2002, the U.S. and international markets received the FR-based "Revolver Pro", which came with the FRT-11, an EMG HZ pickup, and the Fernandes Sustainer Lite (1 switch) system. Left-handed versions were produced primarily as special or export orders, with no mentions of left-handed availability in U.S. catalogs. Surviving examples include this left-handed Revolver Pro with Sustainer Lite, and this left-handed Revolver Pro with Sustainer Lite.
In 2003 and 2004, Fernandes included a new Hisashi Imai signature guitar in the main pages of the Japanese catalog with left-handed availability specifically noted. This was the 2003 Hisashi Imai "Stabilizer" Signature model. It came with the Schaller SFRT-II. It was priced only 10% higher than the right-handed model and was not included on the LH set lists for 2003 or 2004.
Left-handed FRT-equipped guitars built through the Custom Order System after 2001 include this 2004 Turquoise FR-55S (with serial FG04041612) and this 2004 Tamarind FR-55S.
2003 - 2004 Fernandes FRT Tremolo System 2003 & 2004 LH set list and LH ordering policy Fernandes Custom Order System 2003 Hisashi Imai "Stabilizer" available left-handed 2003/2004 Fernandes FR-55S 2004 Left-handed Fernandes FR-55S (Tamarind) 2004 Custom ordered left-handed FR-55S 2002-2003 left handed U.S market Fernandes Revolver Pro
Fernandes discontinued the FRT5-PRO-TRS after 2004. Thereafter, FRT-equipped guitars were fitted with either the Gotoh FRT-10 or Ping Well FRT-11, although lefty models only ever received the FRT-11.
Transition from Catalog Set List to Spot Models and Limited Runs (2005–2024)
The August 2004 Japan catalog marked the final time Fernandes included a standardized list of left-handed models in its regular production lineup. From 2005 onward, left-handed Fernandes and Burny guitars were produced only as store-initiated “spot models”, one-offs through the Custom Order System, and limited export batches.
Export-market models included the Vertigo X, Retrorocket X, Dragonfly X, Monterey Pro, and Revolver Pro. All models were made in China. FRT-11-equipped left-handed examples include this U.K-market 2004 Metallic Black Revolver Pro, and this North American-market Metallic Black 2004 Revolver Pro (Serial FG04111333.)
The only catalogs to ever mention left-handed availability again were the 2010, 2011, and 2012 editions, specifically for non-FRT Hisashi Imai signature models. They were priced the same as right-handed models. Here is an example of a 2010 left-handed BT-120MM model.
In recent years, various left-handed Fernandes and Burny guitars and basses have appeared on secondary markets and auction platforms with documented build dates including 2005, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013, and 2015. Here is a YouTube video review of a 2018 left-handed Burny Les Paul RLC-55 (with serial FG18030167.)
The last noted use of the FRT-11 by Fernandes is in the 2018 Japan catalog, specifically the final production year for the FR-Standard 2011 and FGZ-Standard 2011 series, despite Ping Well having ceased production of Floyd Rose related products around 2015. These guitars were made by Tokai in Japan. No known left-handed models exist. After 2018, only the Gotoh GE1996T was used on Floyd Rose-equipped Fernandes models. In English catalogs, it was referred to as "Gotoh Licensed Floyd Rose Tremolo."
Fernandes Company. Ltd. ceased operations on July 11, 2024 and started preparations to file for bankruptcy. The company posted a notice at its headquarters stating: "We are currently burdened with a considerable amount of debt to multiple creditors, and unfortunately, we are unable to continue our business." Bankruptcy proceedings had commenced earlier in 2023 for its sales and distribution partner, Osaka Fernandes Co. Ltd. which acted as a catalyst for Fernandes' own closure.
St. Louis Music
St. Louis Music (SLM) is a major U.S. distributor of musical instruments dating back to 1922. It began marketing guitars under the Electra brand in 1971, using various Japanese factories until forming a partnership with Matsumoku Industrial Co. Ltd in Japan in 1981 to produce American-designed guitars for the U.S. and European markets under Matsumoku's "Westone" brand, which it had marketed domestically since 1975. SLM became the U.S. distributor, and UK company FCN Music became the distributor for the UK and European markets. SLM's Electra brand was merged into Westone in 1984.
Matsumoku was one of the largest OEM guitar producers in Japan. The company was originally a woodworking and cabinetry business and later began guitar manufacturing in the early 1960s. It built instruments for brands including Aria Pro II, Burny, Epiphone, Fernandes, Ibanez, Greco, Hondo, Samick, Univox, Vantage, and Washburn at different times.
By the mid 1980s, Matsumoku's OEM production for Aria Pro II, Westone, and Fernandes amounted to 7,500 guitars per month. Although exports to Europe remained strong, North American sales declined due to the strong yen. Efforts to rebalance production to a 50:50 export–domestic split failed, and the company fell into the red in July 1986. Unable to recover, Matsumoku closed in 1987. Various Japanese factories such as Dyna, Terada and FujiGen picked up Matsumoku's Japanese market contracts, but by the late 1980s, Japanese manufacturing had become expensive, and many foreign brands moved their Japanese production to Korea.
St. Louis Music and FCN Music continued to market Westone guitars in their respective markets, with guitars subsequently built in Korea by Samick. The brand lasted until 1991.
Bendmaster FT (Japan)
Japan origin: 1984–1987 | Made in: Japan | Status: Discontinued
St. Louis Music's first tremolo system featuring fine tuners was the Bendmaster FT, designed by Tom Presley, lead designer and product manager for Westone. It is essentially Westone's Tek-Glide II two-point vibrato bridge, with the addition of a tail and vertical fine-tuners. Both are notable for the curved sides of their baseplates and J-shaped string hooks. Strings are fed through the block and don't need their ball ends cut off. The Bendmaster FT includes a Floyd Rose-style locking nut. It was introduced on the 1985 Spectrum LX, DX, and SX series and was extended to the Spectrum FX series in 1986.
Left-handed examples include this 1985 Spectrum LX, this 1985 Spectrum SX, this 1985 Spectrum DX, and this 1986 Spectrum DX. Here is a very rare left-handed Dimension IV (X4JB.)
Left handed Westone Spectrum DX Bendmaster FT Bendmaster FT Bendmaster FT Bendmaster FT Westone Bendmaster FT
Gotoh OEM variant
A near-identical version of the Bendmaster FT was made by Gotoh as the Gotoh 1086, or OGE1086TFB. It featured the same tail, fine tuners, and J-shaped saddles as the Westone original, but with a more rectangular baseplate, and with “Gotoh” stamped on the block. It first appeared on the one-year-only 1985 Ibanez Axstar Series. No left-handed models were made. (Here is a right-handed example.) This same tremolo also found its way on the 1985 Lâg Rockline, a French brand. Communist-era East Germany's Musima brand used it on its 1985-1988 MH-X and MH-S “Lead Star” models. It also formed the basis of the Gotoh “Finger Lock” tremolo introduced in 1987. See Part 5: No-Names, Fakes, Unknowns, and Never Left-Handed.
Bendmaster FT / KKT-1 (Korea)
Years: 1987–1990s | Made in: Korea | Status: Discontinued
After Matsumoku closed in 1987, St. Louis Music transferred Westone production to Samick in Korea. The Bendmaster FT was thereafter supplied by Jin Ah Precision Industries. In the Samick naming convention it was designated “KKT-1.” In Westone marketing materials it was referred to as the "Bendmaster Floyd Rose."
Bendmaster boxed kit Bendmaster boxed kit Bendmaster boxed kit Bendmaster boxed kit
The Korean version is outwardly identical to the Japanese original, but its tremolo arm screws into a bushing in the sustain block. As with the original, it was made initially with no inscriptions of any kind. Later versions were stamped "Mfg. Floyd Rose Pats." on the baseplate, and the bottom of the block was embossed with "JINAH."
The KKT-1 was adopted by many major guitar brands as an OEM product well into the 1990s. It was also sold as an aftermarket boxed kit as the “Whammy Bar II – Floyd Rose Patents – Complete with String Lock and All Hardware.” Brands that adopted it include Aria Pro II, B.C. Rich, Charvette by Charvel, Epiphone, Hondo, Marlin, Memphis, Samick, Series 10, Vester, and Westone.
Of those with confirmed left-handed examples:
B.C Rich featured it on its entry-level Platinum Series from 1987–1993. It was referred as the "Bendmaster" in catalogs and stamped "Licensed Under Floyd Rose Patents" from 1990. An example is this 1988 left-handed Warlock.
Epiphone: Samick produced the 1986–1989 Epiphone S-Series and Flying V with this tremolo, stamped as "Bennder." There was a lefty model: the Epiphone S-600L.
Hondo was a brand produced by Samick as a joint venture with U.S company International Music Corporation. The Hondo "Fame Series" was built from 1984–1987. The H-760 from the series was available left-handed. Latter versions were optioned with the KKT-1.
Marlin: Samick built Marlin guitars for British Music Strings Ltd from 1986–1988. The 1986-1988 K38KT Loner and K36KT Stingray models were fitted with the KKT-1, and it was an option on the K34 Sidewinder. All three models were available left-handed. In 1989, the brand was bought by Hohner, and production went to Cort. Here is an example of a left-handed Marlin by Hohner HSS Superstrat from 1990.
Samick. The KKT-1 was used on several of Samick's own models. This 1989 left-handed Samick IKRB-421L, based on the mid-80s Hondo H-763, is an example.
Series 10 was another SLM entry-level brand of electric guitars built by Samick from the early 1980s to the late 1990s. Here is a surviving example of a left-handed Series 10 Fat Strat with a KKT-1.
Left-handed B.C. Rich Platinum Series Warlock with Bendmaster FT Left-handed B.C. Rich Platinum Series Warlock with Bendmaster FT Left handed Marlin Loner with Bendmaster FT tremolo Lefty Epiphone S-600 with Bendmaster FT tremolo Left-handed 1987 Hondo Fame 870 with Bendmaster FT tremolo Lefty Epiphone S-600 with "Bennder" left-handed Bendmaster FT from a B.C Rich guitar left-handed Bendmaster FT from a B.C Rich guitar
Bendmaster Deluxe
Years: 1985–1988 | Made in: Japan | Status: Discontinued
Tom Presley of St. Louis Music also designed the Floyd Rose-style Bendmaster Deluxe tremolo exclusively for Westone guitars. It was intended to be the next evolution of the Bendmaster and first appeared in the 1986 Westone catalog. It was intentionally engineered with subtle differences from a Floyd Rose to avoid licensing fees.
The Bendmaster Deluxe was unusual in that it used roller-style string guides and unusually long fine-tuner tension springs integrated with the saddle assemblies, rather than a conventional Floyd Rose-style tension plate. This created the appearance of a long but low-profile rear section. It was stamped "Bendmaster Deluxe" on the baseplate with no licensing statement. It was trialed on the 1985 Spectrum DX superstrat, which was also available left-handed. Left-handed examples include this 1985 Spectrum DX, this 1986 Spectrum DX, and this 1986 Spectrum DX.
In the January 1987 Westone catalog, the Pantera Standard and Deluxe Series, the Spectrum II and III Series, the Corsair DLX Series, and the new-for-1987 Genesis I and II Series were listed as using the Bendmaster Deluxe. Here is an example of a 1987 left-handed Spectrum II.
Bendmaster Deluxe tremolo Bendmaster Deluxe tremolo Bendmaster Deluxe Left-handed Bendmaster Deluxe tremolo
After Samick took over manufacturing, Japanese hardware was replaced with Korean hardware and the Bendmaster Deluxe was gone by 1988.
Aria Pro II
Japanese company Arai & Co., trading under the Aria brand, worked closely with Matsumoku from 1964. Arai handled design development, sales and business arrangements, while Matsumoku manufactured the guitars, including Japanese Epiphone production arranged for Gibson during the 1970s and 1980s. The Aria Pro II name was introduced in 1975.
After Matsumoku closed in 1987, Aria Pro II production moved to Samick in Korea. Samick also became Gibson’s principal Epiphone builder until 1996 and continued manufacturing Aria instruments into the early 2000s.
During the 1980s, left-handed Aria Pro II guitars were available only by dealer special order and were not explicitly listed in catalogs.
Aria Pro II ACT-3 (First generation)
Years: 1985–1987 | Made in: Japan | Status: Discontinued
Up until 1984, Aria Pro II used Kahler vibrato systems. Its first proprietary fine-tuner locking tremolo, licensed under Floyd Rose patents, was the ACT-3 (Aria Concentric Tremolo) introduced in 1985. It was also fitted to some Matsumoku-made Washburn guitars as the 600-T.
The ACT-3 is not simply a licensed Original Floyd Rose. Like the single-locking Fernandes Head Crasher FRT-6 and Floyd Rose II, its strings pass through rear horizontal tubes, retaining their ball ends. Each saddle also uses a hinged rectangular carbon-steel pressure pad, locked by a hex screw. Other identifying features are its large rectangular tremolo-arm collar and non-standard 73 mm post spacing. It is therefore not interchangeable with standard Floyd Rose-type tremolos. Two generations were produced.
The first-generation ACT-3 was made in Japan. It shares the geometry of a German Floyd Rose and is stamped “ACT/3” on the upper baseplate and “Mfg. under Floyd Rose Pats.” in very small lettering along the lower edge. Its tremolo arm screws into an L-shaped sustain block. In an interview, former Matsumoku engineer Toshio Yamato recalled developing a “Floyd Rose-like tremolo” with GOTOH: 「このブリッジも私がGOTOHと設計して作ってる。」 (“I also designed and made this bridge together with GOTOH.”) As the ACT-3 was Aria Pro II's only Floyd Rose-style tremolo during the period he refers to, Yamato's description strongly suggests that the ACT-3 was the bridge project he was referring to, providing first-hand evidence of GOTOH's involvement in its design and manufacture.
The ACT-3 featured in the 1985 Aria Pro II catalog on the RS Esprit, RS Hellcat, RS Inazuma III; the Exotic Series XX and ZZ; all three 3 Custom X models in the CT range; and the Diamond Series JX-Plus and JX-Custom. An RS Esprit Yngwie Malmsteen Signature model was also introduced with the ACT-3. Here is a surviving example of a 1985 left-handed RS Esprit.
1985 International Aria Pro II catalog 1985 International Aria Pro II catalog 1985 International Aria Pro II catalog 1985 International Aria Pro II catalog
For 1986, it was featured on select guitars in the Japan-market RS, CT, and Diamond series. Internationally the ACT-3 featured on the Knight Warrior Deluxe 3, Knight Warrior STD-3, Road Warrior 3, Wildcat-3, Bobcat-3; and Exotic Series XX Deluxe and ZZ Deluxe.
This tremolo was highly regarded by players of the time and was chosen by Neal Schon for his 1986 Schon NS6 Signature model made by Jackson Guitars, after using it on an Aria Pro II PE (Les Paul) Signature model.
Left-handed Aria Pro II ACT-3 tremolo Left-handed Aria Pro II ACT-3 tremolo Aria Pro II left-handed Hellion with ACT-3 tremolo 1985 left-handed Aria Pro II RS ESPRIT with ACT-3
Aria Pro II ACT-3 (Second generation)
Years: 1987–1989 | Made in: Korea | Status: Discontinued
With Aria Pro II production moving to Korea in 1987, subsequent versions of the ACT-3 were made in Korea and differed slightly from the Japanese original. This generation used the same baseplate shape, knife edges and swept-back curved tail as the Fernandes FRT-7, while retaining the ACT-3’s non-standard 73 mm post spacing. It had "Mfg. under Floyd Rose Pats." on the upper baseplate and "ACT3-S" on the tremolo arm collar. This version is found on Samick-built Aria Pro II and Washburn guitars. The Washburn equivalent is marked “Washburn 600-T” on the upper baseplate.
Left-handed examples include this 1987-1988 Aria Pro II XR Series and this 1987-1988 Washburn E29.
Left handed Aria Pro II XR Series with ACT-3 tremolo Left-handed (V2) ACT-3 tremolo Left-handed (V2) ACT-3 tremolo Left-handed Aria Pro II ACT-3 tremolo — second-generation version
Aria Pro II replaced the ACT-3 in 1989 with an OEM version of the Gotoh GE1988T and the Takeuchi TRS-101.
Jin Ah
Jin Ah Precision Industries was a Korean manufacturer of guitar hardware that produced Floyd Rose-licensed tremolos and distinctive OEM systems during the late 1980s and 1990s, particularly for St. Louis Music and Samick. The company's conventional licensed systems are covered in Part 2: Licensed Versions. Jin Ah’s Bendmaster-derived KKT-1 is discussed in the preceding St. Louis Music section, reflecting its SLM design lineage.
KKT-2
Years: 1988–1995 | Made in: Korea | Status: Discontinued
The KKT-2 was a single-locking tremolo bridge made by Jin Ah and licensed under Floyd Rose patents, with very distinct design features. It was supplied as OEM hardware for several brands on guitars built in Korea by Samick, Cort and World Musical Instrument Co. Ltd. It is not known what company actually developed the design.
On the KKT-2, the strings pass through individual saddle assemblies. Each saddle has a rearward-extending seesaw pivot and a vertical fine tuner that screws directly into the baseplate, rather than acting through a separate tensioner plate. Turning a fine tuner pivots its saddle to alter string tension.
With no rear “tail” structure, the bridge has a notably low, sleek profile. Each saddle uses a T-shaped hinged clamp, secured by a grub screw. The baseplate has a rectangular tremolo-arm collar, carries the words “Licensed Under Floyd Rose Patents” on its upper surface in a distinctive Courier New-style slab-serif face, and uses Jin Ah’s hallmark conical fine tuners.
Samick: The KKT-2 was used on Samick's own guitars including this 1990-1999 left-handed KJ-560.
Aria Pro II: The KKT-2 was used on several Korean-built Aria Pro II guitars such as this Aria Pro II 1989 SL-DX-3, and 1990 Diamond Series JX-450. Left-handed examples include this 1988-1991 Excel Series XL SPT-3RL, this 1991 Viper Series VP-40, and this 1992 Magna Series MA-20 built by Samick.
B.C. Rich: From 1993-1995 some models in the Korean-made Gold 50 Series came with the KKT-2. This tremolo was carried over onto the reintroduced N.J Series made in Korea from 1996. In B.C. Rich catalogs it is referred to as "Single Locking Tremolo." Left-handed examples also include this red 1994 Platinum Series B.C. Rich Warlock.
Aria Pro II MA-20 Magna Series Aria Pro II MA-20 Magna Series with KKT-2 Aria Pro II MA-20 Magna Series with KKT-2 Aria Pro II MA-20 Magna Series Aria Pro II MA-20 Magna Series electric guitar 1990's Aria Pro II MA-20 Magna Series electric guitar 1990's KKT-2 (early version) Aria Pro II MA-20 Magna Series with KKT-2
Ibanez
Ibanez guitars have traditionally been manufactured in Japan, primarily by FujiGen, with other OEMs such as Terada, Dyna, and Chushin supplementing production during the 1980s. From the late 1980s onward, Ibanez also contracted manufacturers in Korea, notably Cort and Samick, followed later by Cort-affiliated production in Indonesia and China. Over the years, Ibanez has generally supported left-handed players, although there were periods during the 2000s when no left-handed models were offered. Its selection has otherwise remained modest, focusing mainly on core models.
Ibanez initially used Floyd Rose-licensed tremolo systems supplied by Gotoh and Takeuchi during the 1980s and 1990s. From 2003, Ibanez introduced brand-specific designs developed with Gotoh in Japan and later incorporated tremolos manufactured by OEM suppliers in Korea and China for lower-priced models. NOTE. Ibanez's use of licensed Floyd Rose systems is covered in Part 2: Licensed Versions.
Ibanez SLT-101
Years: 1998–2001 | Made in: ? | Status: Discontinued
The SLT-101 (Single Locking Tremolo) was a single-locking system used on entry-level Ibanez models built by Cort in Korea. Like the Floyd Rose II and Fernandes Head Crasher FRT-6, it uses rear string-feed tubes that retain the ball ends. It is closely related to the single-locking Takeuchi TRS-505, but has Fernandes-style slotted tubes, oval tail arches and near-identical saddle geometry. See Part 5: No-Names, Fakes, Unknowns, and Never Left-Handed. The tail has "Licensed Under Floyd Rose Patents," which is inner-facing. There is no model number or inscription on the baseplate or block. It does not appear to be a standard offering from the universal Korean or Chinese OEM pools. It may have been an Ibanez-specific or restricted OEM variant.
Ibanez used it from 1998 to 2001, including on the left-handed RG270L. Left-hand Part Numbers are 2SL1C12C (chrome) and 2SL1C12B (black.) It was also used on some Cort guitars.
Ibanez SLT-101 Ibanez SLT-101 Ibanez SLT-101 Ibanez SLT-101
Ibanez ILT1
Years: 2001–2010 | Made in: ? | Status: Discontinued
Between 2001 and 2010, Ibanez adopted a TRS-101 clone for some entry-level superstrat models that were manufactured in Korea and Indonesia, designated ILT1. It is an Ibanez-specific TRS-101-type tremolo rather than an identifiable standard unit from the wider Korean or Chinese OEM pools. It may have been an Ibanez-specific or restricted OEM variant.
Unlike the TRS-101 original, the top knife edge of the ILT1 baseplate is straight like that of the Ibanez Lo-TRS, Takeuchi's licensed version of the low-profile Original Floyd Rose Pro. It's baseplate and tail forks share the same geometry as the SLT-101. It is stamped "Ibanez" (upside down) on the upper baseplate. As with the SLT-101, the licensing statement on the tail is inner-facing. Left-hand Part Numbers are 2CD1L101B (black) and 2CD1L101C (chrome.) The block style suggests earlier units were Korean‑made, with later ones likely Chinese‑made. The manufacturer is unknown. Left-handed examples include the 2001-2002 S370L, and the 2001-2002 RG270L.
Left handed ILT1 Left handed ILT1 2001 Ibanez Saber S370L
Ibanez Edge Pro
Years: 2003–2009 | Made in: Japan | Status: Discontinued
From 2003, Ibanez replaced the Edge and Lo-Pro Edge with the new Edge Pro, developed exclusively for Ibanez by Gotoh. The Edge Pro combined and refined features of both earlier systems and was Ibanez's first major proprietary redesign.
The Edge Pro shares essentially no parts with its predecessors beyond the push‑in arm system. It has distinctive integrated sliding string holders instead of Floyd Rose-style saddle locking blocks, allowing the bridge to be restrung with or without removing the ball ends. The pivot points have inserts. It has "Ibanez" cast into the center of its tail. The sustain block is cast with “Made in Japan” and carries a “Licensed Under Floyd Rose Patents” sticker.
The Edge Pro was produced until 2009 and was fitted to Ibanez's Prestige line and most Signature models. Left-handed finishes for the Prestige line were 2ELJ11LK (Cosmo black), 2EL1J11LG (gold), and 2EL1J11LPC (powder Cosmo.) Confirmed left-handed models are the 2003 RG2570EXL, 2003-2008 RG1570L, 2009 RG1550ML, and chrome-only 2009 limited edition left-handed JS1200L Joe Satriani Signature.
Edge Pro RG1570L Left hand Ibanez Edge Pro Left hand Ibanez Edge Pro Left hand Ibanez Edge Pro Left hand Ibanez Edge Pro Left hand Ibanez Edge Pro Left hand Ibanez Edge Pro Left hand Ibanez Edge Pro
Ibanez Edge Pro II
Years: 2003–2005 | Made in: Korea | Status: Discontinued
Also in 2003, Ibanez released the Edge Pro II for its Korean-made RG Series, formerly fitted with the unpopular Lo-TRS II tremolo, which was a budget version of the Japanese Takeuchi TRS-PRO, made in Korea. (See: Part 4: The Asian OEM Pool)
As with the Edge Pro, the Edge Pro II can be strung either with or without removing the ball ends of the strings, and the saddles have integrated string locks. It has a threaded tremolo collar instead of the push-in system of the Edge Pro and replaceable knife-edge inserts. It has 73 mm post spacing. It is therefore not a direct retrofit for guitars routed for standard 74 mm Floyd Rose/Edge spacing. It has "Made in Korea" embossed on the underside of the block. The Edge Pro II was featured on all Korean-made RG models utilizing double-locking vibrato systems until 2005.
Lefty Ibanez RG models fitted with the Edge Pro II were the 2003 RG370BL, 2003 RG320FAL, 2003-2004 RG320FML, and the 2004 RG370DXL that were made in Korea. (From 2005-2010 the RG370DXL would thereafter been manufactured in Indonesia.)
Lefty Ibanez Edge Pro II Lefty Ibanez Edge Pro II Lefty Edge Pro II Lefty Edge Pro II
Ibanez ZR (Zero Resistance) tremolo with ZPS (Zero Point System)
Years: 2003–2015 | Made in: China | Status: Superseded
A third release in 2003 was the Zero Resistance (ZR) tremolo. It was the first Ibanez tremolo to feature a ball-bearing pivot system instead of the two-post and knife-edge pivot. It also has offset saddle locking bolts so they can be adjusted without the strings being in the way. It has a snap-in tremolo arm socket and adjustable arm tension.
The Chinese-made ZR was paired with the original Zero Point System (ZPS), a spring-loaded backstop that returns the bridge to its neutral position and can be set for floating or fixed operation. Its rear hex-bolt tension adjustment and additional springs give the system a firmer feel than a conventional floating tremolo. t was used exclusively on Ibanez S-Series guitars and was discontinued in 2015.
2003 Ibanez catalog 2007 Ibanez (USA) catalog 2012 Ibane (EU) catalog
The Indonesian-made 2010–2013 S420L, offered only in Blackberry Sunburst, is the only known regular-production left-handed Ibanez model fitted with the original ZR.
S420L-BBS Standard Left-Handed Left-handed ZR tremolo Left-handed ZR tremolo Left handed ZR with ZPS2
ZPS2 (Zero Point System 2)
Years: 2005–2008 | Made in: China | Status: Superseded
The ZPS2 replaced the original ZPS for the ZR system in 2005. Its principal change was a thumbwheel spring-tension adjustment in place of the original system’s rear hex-bolt adjustment. It was made in China.
Note. In 2006, Geoffrey McCabe initiated a U.S. International Trade Commission investigation into imported guitars and components by Ibanez, Vigier, Floyd Rose, and Schaller imported into the United States that he alleged infringed his patents, including technologies used in Ibanez's ZR tremolo. Ibanez and Vigier settled with McCabe and left the investigation in 2007. The investigation was ultimately terminated in 2008.
Ibanez Edge III
Years: 2005–2017 | Made in: China | Status: Discontinued
The Edge III was introduced in 2005 and has a slightly higher tail than the Edge Pro/Edge Pro II. It was made in China. The Edge III lost the integrated string lock saddles of its predecessors, the Edge Pro and Edge Pro II, and requires the ball ends to be cut off the strings. It also has the odd 73mm post spacing as with the Edge Pro II.
The Edge III eventually replaced the Edge Pro II for Ibanez's Korean and Indonesian-made guitars including the 2005–2010 left-handed RG370DXL and the 2009–2012, USA-only, left-handed RG5EX1L, both made in Indonesia. The Edge III was phased out and finally discontinued in 2017.
Left handed Edge III tremolo Left handed Edge III tremolo Left handed Edge III tremolo Left handed Ibanez Edge III Left handed Ibanez Edge III Left handed Ibanez Edge III Left handed Ibanez Edge III Lefty RG5EX1L with Edge III
2005 Ibanez catalog 2005 Ibanez catalog 2008 Ibanez catalog
Ibanez ZR2 with ZPS3 (Zero Point System 3)
Years: 2008–2015 | Made in: China | Status: Discontinued
In 2008, Ibanez introduced the ZR2 tremolo, which continued to use the ball-bearing pivot system of the original ZR tremolo. It featured a redesigned pop-in tremolo arm in place of the screw-in arm on the ZR, which gained a reputation for breaking. It also used a lighter thumbwheel assembly. The ZR2 was fitted to Japanese Prestige models, while the original ZR continued on standard models. In 2010, the redesigned arm was adopted for the original ZR.
Accompanying the new ZR2 was the new ZPS3. The left-hand ZPS3 is Ibanez Part Number 2TRX5AE005. It is made of duralumin and is made in China. The ZPS3 was used with ZR, ZR2, and later Edge Zero, and Edge Zero II tremolos.
Ibanez Edge Zero Tremolo with ZPS3
Years: 2008–2021 | Made in: Japan | Status: Discontinued
Also in 2008, Ibanez introduced the Edge Zero Tremolo with ZPS3. The Edge Zero shared the pop-in tremolo arm with the ZR2 and reintroduced the locking studs from the original Edge tremolo. It is a regular knife edge tremolo and was used on Japanese Prestige models. The Edge Zero was made in Japan.
A commonly reported user concern is the Edge Zero’s lack of a separate steel backing plate for the fine-tuner screws. The fine tuners therefore thread directly into the zinc-alloy tremolo body. Damaged threads or cracking around the tuner area have been reported, particularly where the screws are overtightened or repeatedly stressed.
Ibanez guitars that come with the Zero Point System have a "Z" in their model designations. The Edge Zero tremolo with ZPS3 was available only in Cosmo black. Left hand guitars that used it were the RG2550ZL (2009, 2013-2014), RG1570ZL (2010-2013), RG1550MZL (2010-2011), and the RG8570ZL (2015-2017, 2019-2021.)
In response to the largely negative feedback about the Edge Zero, Ibanez reintroduced the original 1986 Edge and 1991 Lo-Pro Edge tremolos for their Japanese-made Prestige and Signature models in 2010. Both remain in use to this day.
Ibanez ZPS3Fe
Years: 2010– present | Made in: China | Status: Current
The ZPS3Fe is the third version of the Zero Point System, introduced in 2010, for mid-level Ibanez guitars. It is made from a zinc alloy and is made in China. It adds a dial in the spring cavity cover that allows you to adjust the spring tension with your finger (from the back of the guitar) without having to use an Allen key. Today it is used only with the Edge Zero II, following the discontinuation of the ZR, ZR2 and Edge Zero tremolos earlier. Several left-handed guitars came with the ZPS3Fe.
Ibanez Edge Zero II
Years: 2011– present | Made in: China | Status: Current
In 2011, Ibanez released the Edge Zero II which was available with or without the ZPS3Fe system for mid-level guitars and to replace the Edge III. It is made in China.
The left-handed Edge Zero II with ZPS3Fe was available in black (2TRX5AF006) or Cosmo black (2TRX5AF008), and the left-handed Edge Zero II with spring hook was available only in black (2TRX5AD032). Lefty models with the Edge Zero II included the 2011-2014 RG370DXZL (with ZPS3Fe), the 2011-2012 RG870QMZL (with ZPS3Fe), the 2013-2014 RG450DXBL (without ZPS3Fe), and the 2013-2014 RG950QMZL (with ZPS3Fe.)
Ibanez RG370DXZL Ibanez RG870QMZL Edge Zero 2 tremolo bridge Left-handed Edge Zero II tremolo
As of early 2025, the only catalogued left‑handed model known with Edge Zero II is the Nita Strauss Signature JIVA10L, first released in 2022.
Ibanez Standard DL Tremolo
Years: 2013– present | Made in: China | Status: Current
The Ibanez ILT1 tremolo was used on Ibanez entry-level guitars until 2010 leaving only the Edge III for budget models, which in turn was phased out and fully discontinued in 2017. Before then, Ibanez released its Standard DL Tremolo which was introduced in 2013. It is essentially another Takeuchi TRS-101 clone, made in China.
This version has the Takeuchi trapezoid baseplate shape, and "Ibanez" (right side up) engraved on the top. There are no licensing statements. A box with the block size inside it is stamped into the block. Unlike a standard TRS-101, the top knife edge of the baseplate curves into a straight edge.
Ibanez Standard DL Tremolo (lefty) Ibanez Standard DL Tremolo (lefty) Ibanez Standard DL Tremolo (lefty) Ibanez Standard DL Tremolo (lefty)
Much like its budget-oriented predecessors, the Standard DL tremolo is for entry- to mid-level guitars. Left-handed examples include the 2015-2019 RG450DXBL, and the 2016-present Steve Vai Signature JEMJRL, both made in Indonesia.
Yamaha
Yamaha Corporation began producing classical acoustic guitars in the 1940s at its Hamamatsu factory, with the first exports occurring in 1966, followed by electric guitars in the 1970s. Yamaha guitars were initially made in their own Japanese factories (e.g., Hamamatsu), with additional production in company facilities in Taiwan (1970s), Korea, China (Hangzhou, 2007), Indonesia, and the U.S. The company produced left-handed guitars sporadically over the years.
Yamaha Rockin' Magic
Years: 1984–1985 | Made in: Japan | Status: Superseded
Yamaha introduced its own locking-nut vibrato bridge in 1984. Initially referred to only as the "Yamaha Tremolo Unit," it featured knife-edge pivots, fine tuners on each saddle arm, rear string loading that retained the ball ends, and individual locking saddles secured by grub screws. The baseplate also had a rectangular threaded turret for the screw-in tremolo arm and it only pitched down. It was introduced on Yamaha's new 1984 SBG-1300TS and then on the 1985 SBG-1300TS, the new EX Explorer and VX Flying V models, and the SE-700E. By 1985, Yamaha was calling it the "Rockin' Magic." At least one left-handed SE-700E is known to exist.
Further developments of this tremolo system evolved into the highly-respected Rockin' Magic Series, including left-handed versions, used by Yamaha all the way through to the mid 2000s.
1984 Yamaha Tremolo Unit Yamaha Tremolo unit introduced on the 1984 SGB-1300TS (not offered left handed) 1985 Yamaha Japan catalog 1985 Yamaha SE700E with Rockin' Magic tremolo
Yamaha SE700E 1985 Yamaha SE700E Yamaha SE 700 E 1985 - Pearl White 1984 Yamaha SBG1300TS
Yamaha RM-II
Years: 1985–1987 | Made in: Japan | Status: Superseded
Yamaha's second proprietary tremolo system was the Yamaha Rockin' Magic RM-II introduced in 1985. This was a single locking tremolo that had the strings fed through from the rear of the saddle assemblies (rather than through tubes as on the original Floyd Rose II and most other single locking variants.) The strings are double locked by a plate with a hex screw. A unique feature is the integrated intonation mechanism. The rear of the baseplate features arches that house six spring-loaded horizontal screws. Turning these screws precisely drives the saddles forward or backward to set the intonation. The bottom of the block is "forked" and has a pin running through the forks for the spring hooks.
The Yamaha (English) 1986 catalog says the following: "The new Yamaha Rockin' Magic II locking vibrato system adds a new dimension to the concept of radical pitch bending. The low profile bridge allows for right-handed muting techniques without being hindered by bulky hardware. String locks at the nut and on each individual saddle ensure perfect tuning stability at all times. Individual fine tuners on each string provide for minute pitch adjustments while playing. The Rockin' Magic II uses standard ball end strings and is capable of both upward and downward pitch bending." There were no inscriptions anywhere on the unit. There was a lot of steel in this unit and therefore it added significant weight to the guitar.
It was used on the 1987 Yamaha left-handed RGX-312L and early versions of the 1987 Yamaha left-handed RGX-612SL, both made in Taiwan. This very rare Japanese-made left-handed RGX-612DL from 1987 (likely a special order) has the RM-II. Even more rare is this one-of-a-kind left-handed 1986 SFX-II.
Yamaha Rockin' Magic II Yamaha Rockin' Magic II Yamaha Rockin' Magic II Yamaha lefty RGX-321L Yamaha RM II Yamaha RM II Yamaha RM II Yamaha RM II
Yamaha Rockin' Magic Pro
Years: 1988–1991 | Made in: Japan | Status: Discontinued
The Yamaha Rockin' Magic Pro (RM-Pro) was introduced in 1988. As with the RM-II, the strings do not need the ball ends cut off and are each double-locked with a bullet-shaped plate. It has an angled tail with fine tuners. It was unique in that it used needle bearings at the fulcrum to ensure smooth operation and precise pitch return. Right-handed units featured a pitch rise adjustment, which made it possible to set a maximum amount of pitch bend; lefty versions did not have this. It also has a pop-in-pop-out tremolo arm. There was no licensing inscription or model identification on the unit. Its last use was in 1991, where it featured on the "Image Deluxe", RGX-612J, RGX-620J, RGZ-I, RGZ-II; and several Artist signature models. Left-handed examples include the 1988–1989 RGX 612SL and SE612L.
Lefty Yamaha RM PRO Lefty Yamaha RM PRO Lefty Yamaha RM PRO 1988 Yamaha catalog
Yamaha RMX II
Years: 1988–1992 | Made in: ? | Status: Superseded
The RMX II was also introduced in 1988 and is a nod to Yamaha's original 1984 Vibrato System. It is a single-locking tremolo that accepts ball-end strings. The baseplate is flat, with one curved knife edge and one straight knife edge, and an unusual post spacing of 80 mm rather than the usual 74 mm. It has six one-piece saddles, each with its own hinged tension arm, rear fine tuner, and horizontal spring-loaded intonation screw. Each string is fed from the rear and sits in a groove in the tension arm, held by the ball end and string tension. The intonation screw enters the rear of the baseplate, as on a conventional guitar bridge, and moves the saddle when turned. The tremolo arm is a pop-in type that inserts into an L-shaped block. The RMX II was discontinued after 1991.
Left handed RMX II tremolo Yamaha RGX-312L with RMX-II tremolo Left handed RMX II tremolo Left handed RMX II tremolo
The Yamaha left-handed RGX-312L made in Taiwan from 1987-1990 initially came with the Yamaha RM II tremolo, then the RMX II. Here is an excellent video from YouTube user WatchWatchBoi presenting a close-up of the left-handed RMX II from a Yamaha RGX-312L.
Yamaha Rockin' Magic Pro II / Pro III
Years: 1991–1994, 1994–2003 | Made in: Japan | Status: Discontinued
The Yamaha Rockin' Magic Pro II (RM-Pro II) is Yamaha's licensed Original Floyd Rose tremolo featuring a single straight knife-edge pivot, along with Yamaha’s proprietary intonation adjustment and string-locking system. It debuted in Yamaha’s 1991 catalog on the newly introduced Pacifica, and on the high-spec “Yamaha Hard Style” RGX-612JS and “Yamaha Advance Style” Sonare Series. It was also fitted to several Japanese signature models until 1995. From 1994, the Rockin’ Magic Pro II was succeeded by the near-identical Rockin’ Magic Pro III, which remained in use until 2003.
The RM-Pro II and III are notable for their two-piece baseplate design, one section of which houses individual horizontal intonation screws. These screws move each saddle forward or backward along the main baseplate for precise intonation adjustment. Both plates are secured to the tremolo block. This additional saddle adjustment functionality was pioneered by Yamaha and used on earlier tremolos. Each saddle assembly includes its own vertical string tube, allowing strings to be fed from underneath the unit, meaning ball ends do not need to be removed. Additionally, the saddles also have string locks and lock bolts like a regular Floyd Rose.
Here is an excellent video guide on the Yamaha RM-Pro II from Youtuber user Itty: Yamaha RM PRO II Assembly Guide - YouTube
The RM-Pro II and III are easily identified by the licensing statement stamped upside down on the baseplate, regardless of whether the guitar is left- or right-handed. It reads "YAMAHA RM-PRO II" or "YAMAHA RM-PRO III," followed by "Licensed Under" and "Floyd Rose Pats." on separate lines. All three U.S. patent numbers are stamped on the sustain block.
From those I've seen, it appears that Yamaha didn't bother to engineer a proper left-handed baseplate, as they just drilled the straight edge side of a right-hand baseplate for the lefty tremolo arm, hence the lefty versions are technically "upside down."
Officially catalogued left hand guitars made with this tremolo include the 1991 Yamaha RGZ 612L and the 1992-1993 Yamaha YG 612L, both made in Taiwan; and the 1992-1995 Yamaha Pacifica 912JL, made in Japan. The Pacifica became a regular left-handed offering and is still offered to this day, albeit as an entry-level guitar without a Floyd Rose tremolo. Here is a black RGX 321L, thought to be a 1991 model, and another white RGX 321L, both with the RM-Pro II. These were export models.
1992-1993 Yamaha Japan catalog 1994 Yamaha Japan catalog (left-handed availability noted)
Lefty Yamaha Rockin' Magic PRO II Lefty Yamaha Rockin' Magic PRO II Lefty Yamaha Rockin' Magic PRO II Lefty Yamaha Rockin' Magic PRO II Lefty Yamaha Rockin' Magic PRO II Lefty Yamaha Rockin' Magic PRO II Yamaha RM PRO II block inscription Yamaha RM PRO II baseplate inscription
Yamaha RMX III
Years: 1991–1994 | Made in: ? | Status: Discontinued
The RMX III followed the RMX II and was essentially a "whale tail" Original Floyd Rose style unit with tail-mounted fine tuners, while retaining the baseplate geometry of the RMX-II. It remained a single-locking system in the same way as the RMX II and used the same torque-adjusted push-in/pull-out tremolo arm. There were no licensing inscriptions or identifiers on the baseplate or block.
The RMX III debuted alongside the RM-Pro II in the 1991 Yamaha Japan catalog. It was fitted to the lower-spec “Yamaha Hard Style” RGX-512JS, RGX-512J, RGX-520J and RGZ-III, then to several YD Series models from 1992 to 1993. In the same years Yamaha was already cataloguing left-handed RM-Pro II-equipped guitars (RGZ 612L, YG 612L, Pacifica 912JL). No left-handed RMX III model has surfaced. On present evidence the RMX III was not part of Yamaha’s left-hand offering.
Yamaha RMX-III Yamaha RMX-III Yamaha RMX-III Yamaha RMX-III
From 1992, Yamaha began using an OEM modified version of the licensed Takeuchi TRS-PRO on some of its superstrats all the way through to the 2000s. After that, Wilkinson tremolos were adopted.
ESP Japan (1980s and 1990s)
Electric Sound Products (ESP) of Japan began as a guitar repair shop in Shibuya, Tokyo in 1975. By 1979 it had expanded into a custom guitar workshop, followed by a U.S. presence in 1981. ESP established its first Japanese factory in Nagano in 1983, with a second facility opening on Sado Island, Niigata in 1986.
Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, ESP operated as a major OEM manufacturer for several international brands, most notably Kramer and Jackson. During Kramer’s early Floyd Rose period, ESP supplied parts and built Kramer guitars fitted with the original FRT-1 and FRT-3 Floyd Rose systems, made in Japan and supplied by Fernandes. (It also marketed an unauthorized reproduction of the Hansen Metalworks U.S. final Floyd Rose design as the "ESP Magician" briefly in 1983.) In 1990, the company acquired Schecter Guitars.
ESP has also been notably left-handed friendly compared with many manufacturers of the era. Its principal guitar brands were Navigator for high-end Japanese-market replicas, ESP for high-end international and domestic models, Edwards for the Japanese mid-level market, Grassroots for Japanese entry-level models, and LTD for international entry-level models.
ESP Synclear
Years: 1987–1993 | Made in: Japan | Status: Discontinued
Beginning in 1987, ESP produced its own licensed Floyd Rose-style tremolo, the Synclear, for use on its own ESP, Edwards, and Navigator brands. It incorporated several proprietary features. Early versions used individually adjustable saddles secured by a vertical hex screw and locking washer, a design later replaced by a conventional Floyd Rose-style saddle arrangement. The sustain block was L-shaped, with the tremolo arm threaded directly into it. It had "ESP" on the tail. Some versions also have "Licensed Under Pat No 4549461 No 4497236" embossed upside down on the upper baseplate. It was produced until 1993.
The Synclear is not a straight swap for an Original Floyd Rose as the sides of the baseplate of the Synclear are oval. The post spacings, however, are the same. Known left-handed examples include a mid-1980s ESP Mirage Deluxe, an ESP Custom Shop Random Star, and a late 1980s "parts bin" Kramer by ESP Focus 1000.
1989 ESP catalog Left handed ESP Synclear tremolo 1992 ESP Catalog Left handed ESP Random Star
Kahler
In 1981, Gary Kahler of American Precision Metal Works introduced the cam-based Kahler tremolo system. Kahler subsequently produced three double-locking fulcrum tremolos: the licensed Steeler and the proprietary Killer and Spyder. The Steeler is covered in Part 2; the Killer and Spyder are covered below. Manufactured in the United States, all three were collectively known as the 2700 Series and were all available in left-hand, though some models were limited to custom orders or specific brand partnerships.
Kahler did not have any competitor other than Floyd Rose during the 1980s but legal challenges, combined with aggressive market positioning by Floyd Rose pushed Kahler out of the business in the 1990s.
2710 Killer
Years: 1985–1992 | Made in: USA | Status: Discontinued
The Kahler 2710 Killer was a double-locking tremolo that expanded on the Floyd Rose design. Its finger-locking saddles eliminated the need to cut off string ball ends or use tools to lock the strings. It also offered greater intonation adjustment and adjustable string spacing.
Carvin Guitars, a prolific user of Kahler tremolos throughout the 1980s, adopted the Killer in 1989 before switching to Floyd Rose systems from 1990. The Killer came standard on select Westone guitars in 1989.
In 2024 Gary Kahler stated this tremolo would never be reintroduced as it was too expensive to produce.
Left-handed Kahler 2710 Killer tremolo Left-handed Kahler 2710 Killer tremolo Kahler 2710 Killer tremolo Kahler 2710 Killer tremolo
2720 Spyder
Years: 1988–1992, 2024– present | Made in: USA | Status: Discontinued 1992, Reintroduced 2024
The original 2720 Spyder used Kahler patents but retained a broadly Floyd Rose-like appearance. It was offered as the 2722 wrench-locking, 2731 finger-locking, and 2750 non-locking versions, and was developed principally for Fender’s 1988–1992 HM Series (which were never produced left-handed.)
Instead of conventional knife edges, the Spyder used replaceable slotted pivot inserts and rotatable studs. The optional Kahler Auto Latch converted the bridge between floating and fixed operation via the tremolo arm. It does not fit a standard Floyd Rose rout. Left-hand units were simply upside-down right-hand units with a new hole drilled into the opposite side of the baseplate to accommodate the lefty tremolo arm. Although ugly, functionality was not affected.
Peavey and B.C. Rich were also prominent users and did produce left-handed guitars with it. The 1988–1991 lefty Peavey Tracer came standard with it. More examples include this 1987 USA Custom Shop lefty Warlock, this 1987 USA Custom Shop lefty B.C Rich ST-III, and this left-handed B.C Rich ST-III from the same era.
In 2024, Gary Kahler re-released the Spyder as part of the new 2700 Series fulcrum tremolos, assembled from new-old-stock parts. The Kahler Auto Latch is offered again.
1989 LH Peavey Tracer B.C Rich ST III lefty LH Peavey Tracer with Kahler Spyder Lefty Peavey Tracer Left handed Kahler Spyder Left handed Kahler Spyder Left handed Kahler Spyder Left handed Kahler Spyder
Jackson-Charvel
Jackson JT-6
Years: 1987–1989 | Made in: Taiwan | Status: Discontinued
Beginning in 1985, Grover Jackson shifted production of Charvel and some Jackson guitars to Japan. He contracted International Music Corporation (IMC) to oversee operations, which in turn engaged the Japanese trading company Kyowa Shokai to manage production. The new Charvel "Model Series" was manufactured by Chushin Gakki in Nagano from 1986. Early vibrato-equipped models used Kahler tremolos. In 1987 Jackson-Charvel commissioned Taiwanese manufacturer Ping Well to produce a Jackson-branded tremolo for both Jackson and Charvel guitars. The result was the Jackson JT-6.
The major difference between the JT-6 and a Floyd Rose is its distinctive horizontal "micro tuners." It also featured covered lock blocks for each saddle that collectively created a flat upper surface. It was embossed with "Licensed Under Floyd Rose Patents" on the tail, with "Jackson" on the front of the block and "Made in Taiwan R.O.C." on the rear of the block. The block also carried a sticker marked "#40121587." It had a distinctive rough hammered steel finish, even rougher than the Floyd Rose II.
The 1987 U.S Jackson Dinky came with the JT-6 and was available as a standard left-handed model, as was the U.S. Charvel Deluxe 475. The 1987 Jackson Randy Rhoads, Soloist, and Strat-body models also came with the JT-6 and could be ordered left-handed. Of the Japanese Charvel "Model Series", only the Model 3 was available left-handed.
Examples include this 1987 Charvel Model 3 and this 1988 Charvel Model 3. Another example (with missing caps) is this Charvel Model 3.
Kahler tremolos returned as an option on Jackson and Charvel guitars in 1988. The Charvel Model Series was replaced in 1989 by the Classic, Professional, Fusion, and Contemporary Series, with only the Classic Deluxe 275 and one-year-only Model HSH retaining the JT-6, neither offered left-handed. Most other models adopted the double-locking and single-locking Floyd Rose II tremolos, rebranded as the JT-590 and JT-580. By around 1990, the JT-6 had been replaced on Japanese models by the Takeuchi TRS-101, designated “FLC-101.”
Jackson JT6 advertisement Lefty Ping Well JT6 tremolo Lefty Ping Well JT6 tremolo Lefty Ping Well JT6 tremolo Lefty Ping Well JT6 tremolo Lefty Ping Well JT6 tremolo Lefty Ping Well JT6 tremolo Lefty Charvel Model 3 with JT6 tremolo
Kaman Music Corporation
KMD Double Locking Tremolo System
Years: 1988–1994? | Made in: ? | Status: Discontinued
Kaman Music Corporation was a U.S. distributor of multiple musical instrument brands and owner of Ovation and its budget sub-brand Applause, until 2008 when it was acquired by Fender Musical Instruments Corporation. In the early 1980s, Kaman introduced the Celebrity line of solid-body guitars and basses, manufactured by Samick in Korea and positioned between the Applause and Ovation brands. The line was rebranded as the Applause GTX Series in 1988. That same year, Kaman acquired Hamer Guitars.
Applause GTX guitars were entry-level superstrats built with plywood bodies and budget electronics, but with Ping Well tuners. The GTX range was discontinued in 1994.
GTX superstrats were equipped with the proprietary KMD Double Locking Tremolo System, Kaman's attempt at an unlicensed Floyd Rose-style design. The bridge was stamped "KMD" on the upper baseplate and featured an L-shaped sustain block, horizontal fine tuners, and a string-through-block design with no rear tail section. Aside from the KMD marking, the unit carried no identifying information. Today, it is among the rarest historical fine-tuner tremolos.
1988 Applause GTX Series 1988 Applause GTX Series 1988 Applause GTX Series 1988 Applause GTX Series 1988 Applause GTX Series
The KMD also appeared on what seems to be a non-catalog 1988 Aria Pro II XR Series model, the XR-DX-3. These guitars had one humbucker, two slanted single-coil pickups and a reverse headstock. Left-handed versions were made, including this orange XR-DX 3 and this black XR-DX 3.
1988 left-handed Aria Pro II XR-DX-3 with Kaman KMD tremolo 1988 left-handed Aria Pro II XR-DX-3 with Kaman KMD tremolo 1988 left-handed Aria Pro II XR-DX-3 with Kaman KMD tremolo 1988 left-handed Aria Pro II XR-DX-3 with Kaman KMD tremolo
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